分类: politics

  • NTUCB Demands Overhaul of Public Utilities Commission

    NTUCB Demands Overhaul of Public Utilities Commission

    A public political disagreement has erupted between the National Trade Union Congress of Belize (NTUCB) and the administration of Prime Minister John Briceño, centered on long-simmering questions about the autonomy and governance structure of the country’s Public Utilities Commission (PUC).

    At the core of the conflict is the NTUCB’s formal demand for a comprehensive overhaul of the regulatory body, a proposal the prime minister has already rejected on legal grounds. Briceño has reiterated that the PUC is enshrined in law as an autonomous institution, meaning the sitting government has no authority to advance the union’s restructuring request. But union leadership has pushed back hard against that framing, arguing that the so-called independence of the commission is little more than a legal fiction under current rules.

    NTUCB President Ella Waight outlined her organization’s position in comments to local media, acknowledging that the group understands the current legal framework cited by the prime minister. From the start of the campaign for reform, Waight noted, union leaders have been clear that only the sitting government holds the power to amend existing legislation to reshape the PUC’s governance structure. The union’s ultimate goal, she explained, is to rewrite the law to expand representation on the commission to include workers’ representatives and other key social partners, ultimately shifting majority control of the regulatory body to ordinary Belizean citizens rather than political appointees.

    Waight emphasized that the push for reform aligns directly with the Briceño administration’s stated commitment to advancing good governance across Belize’s public institutions. “If this government says they are all about good governance, then we need to ensure that is the way we move forward,” she said, arguing that a legitimate independent PUC must be drawn from and accountable to the Belizean public, not the government. Under current rules, she pointed out, the prime minister retains the sole authority to appoint all commission members, turning the nominally autonomous body into an entity effectively controlled by the sitting government.

    The NTUCB is calling for the PUC’s membership to be restructured around the country’s four recognized social partners, a change that would embed public and worker representation at the core of the utilities regulator. Waight added that the union had hoped to open formal negotiations with the government to launch the reform process, allowing leaders to lay out in detail their rationale for shifting majority control away from political appointees. So far, however, the government has declined to engage, sticking to its position that the PUC’s current autonomous legal structure rules out any restructuring.

    The standoff is the latest public dispute between the Belizean government and the country’s largest trade union federation over institutional reform, with the NTUCB making clear it will not back down from its demand. Waight confirmed that the union will continue pressing its case for overhaul until the government agrees to enter talks on changing the PUC’s governing legislation.

    This report is adapted from a transcript of a televised evening news broadcast.

  • NTUCB Demands Direct Link to Prime Minister Briceño

    NTUCB Demands Direct Link to Prime Minister Briceño

    In a push to resolve longstanding communication breakdowns between organized labor and the national executive, the National Trade Union Congress of Belize (NTUCB) has formally requested the appointment of a dedicated union liaison directly embedded within the Office of Prime Minister John Briceño. The call comes after months of delayed responses, unfulfilled promises, and inconsistent access to top government leadership for NTUCB’s affiliated unions, according to NTUCB President Ella Waight.

    The Belizean government has pushed back on the demand, arguing that existing channels are already structured to accommodate union concerns. Specifically, officials from the Prime Minister’s office note that the Joint Union Negotiating Team (JUNT) was created to serve as the official bridge between labor groups and the executive branch. JUNT currently holds formal collaboration agreements with the Deputy Prime Minister and three senior cabinet ministers, a framework the government says should address all labor-related outreach.

    Waight, however, argues that the current structure leaves nearly half of NTUCB’s affiliates without consistent access to decision-makers. JUNT’s membership is limited to just three of NTUCB’s 12 total affiliate unions: the Public Service Senior Management Association (APSSM), the Belize National Teachers’ Union (BNTU), and the Public Service Union (PSU), all of which represent government workers and public service employees. This structure leaves the remaining nine affiliates — including the Communication Workers Union (CWU), the Belize Communications Workers Union (BCWU), the KHMHWU, and the University of Belize Faculty and Staff Union (UBFSU), among others — without a clear path to escalate national-level labor concerns directly to the Prime Minister’s office, Waight explained.

    The NTUCB leader emphasized that the organization does not seek to dismantle or replace the existing JUNT framework, which has delivered results for its three member unions. Instead, the congress is asking for an additional, dedicated point of contact that can streamline NTUCB-wide advocacy on cross-cutting national issues that fall outside JUNT’s narrow mandate.

    Waight outlined longstanding frustrations with the current ad-hoc communication process: NTUCB holds formal scheduled meetings with Prime Minister Briceño every six months, where the body raises concerns, secures commitments for legislative updates, policy documents, and the formation of new advisory committees, but follow-through from relevant ministries has been consistently lacking. When the union attempts to escalate unaddressed issues directly to the Prime Minister’s office via email, Waight said, responses can take months to arrive, if they come at all. In many cases, inquiries are misrouted to incorrect administrative staff, further delaying action on pressing labor matters.

    “A dedicated liaison embedded in the Prime Minister’s office is the simple, targeted solution we need,” Waight stated. “We do not need multiple cabinet ministers assigned to our work — we just need one dedicated person who can cut through bureaucratic red tape and connect our entire congress directly to the top when issues cannot be resolved at the ministry level.”

    As of September 23, 2026, the Prime Minister’s office has not issued a new formal response to the NTUCB’s formal request beyond the initial statement that existing communication channels are sufficient.

  • Impromptu NTUCB Protests Keep Government Under Pressure

    Impromptu NTUCB Protests Keep Government Under Pressure

    On September 23, 2026, the National Trade Union Congress of Belize (NTUCB) is maintaining steady pressure on the ruling People’s United Party (PUP) government through a series of spontaneous demonstrations and public outreach campaigns, after dismissing the administration’s formal responses to labor concerns as inadequate and disrespectful.

    NTUCB President Ella Waight made clear in a public address that while the labor body has no plans to call a full national general strike or mass protest at this stage, the rolling impromptu actions will continue to ensure that working people’s grievances remain at the top of the national political agenda. Waight pushed back hard against widespread public claims that the NTUCB’s actions are rooted in a plot to destabilize and bring down the sitting PUP government, a narrative that has circulated widely in public discourse in recent weeks.

    Waight emphasized that the PUP itself traces its founding origins to the Belizean labor movement, and the current administration holds power solely because of the votes of working-class people across the country. That history, she argued, obligates the government to show far greater respect for organized labor and demonstrate more willingness to collaborate with unions on the issues that matter most to their members. Contrary to critics who argue the NTUCB should enter electoral politics if it wants to push for policy change, Waight reiterated that the organization’s core mandate is unwavering: to advocate for the rights and interests of the workers it represents. Because national policy decisions of all kinds directly impact working Belizeans, she explained, the NTUCB has a responsibility to engage with broader national issues – a position that has been misrepresented by opponents to paint the union as an anti-government force.

    “That is not what we are doing,” Waight said, rejecting the narrative that the NTUCB seeks to undermine the current administration.

    Currently, the NTUCB is in ongoing consultation with a range of social partner organizations to map out its next formal steps. Waight argued that a carefully planned, sustained and targeted campaign will exert far more consistent and meaningful pressure on the government than a single one-day national protest, which would only deliver a temporary burst of attention. For the immediate future, the rolling impromptu demonstrations and public awareness campaigns will continue, keeping the government accountable to the working people that put it in power.

    This report is adapted from a transcribed evening television newscast, with original Kriol language commentary translated and transcribed per standard spelling conventions.

  • Belize Files Evidence in Sapodilla Sovereignty Case

    Belize Files Evidence in Sapodilla Sovereignty Case

    Nearly two decades after the Sapodilla Cayes territorial dispute first entered international legal proceedings, the long-simmering sovereignty conflict has advanced to a new critical phase at the International Court of Justice (ICJ), with Belize formally placing its full legal defense on the court’s official record this week.

    On September 21, 2026, the Government of Belize submitted a two-volume set of written observations directly responding to Guatemala’s competing territorial claim over the southern Caribbean island archipelago. The first of the two documents lays out Belize’s formal legal arguments for its sovereignty over the Sapodilla Cayes, while the second volume compiles hundreds of pages of supporting evidence and archival documentation to underpin the country’s position. The submission was completed well within the extended deadline the ICJ set in an April 16, 2026 order, and followed all procedural requirements outlined in Article 85, Paragraph 1 of the ICJ’s Rules of Court.

    At the heart of the case is a decades-old unresolved question: which sovereign nation holds legal right to the Sapodilla Cayes, a string of remote unincorporated islands that sit along a strategically and commercially important maritime boundary in the western Caribbean. The proceedings were originally launched by Belize in a case against Honduras, but Guatemala was later granted intervenor status by the court, bringing all three Central American nations directly into the dispute with competing legal claims to the territory, which Belize currently administers as part of its southern maritime territory.

    Alongside Belize’s submission, Honduras also filed its own written observations responding to Guatemala’s claim on the same day, meaning all parties’ formal written positions are now before the ICJ for judicial review. Belize was represented at the time of filing by Mariana Verde, Chief Operations Officer of the Office of Belize’s Agent to the International Court of Justice, who was accompanied by Catherine Drummond, a senior member of Belize’s legal team for the case.

    While the government of Belize has opted not to release the full contents of its two-volume submission to the public to preserve procedural strategy, officials have confirmed that the filing marks a key milestone in the country’s multiyear effort to defend its territorial claims before the United Nations’ highest judicial body. In the coming months, ICJ justices will review all written arguments and evidence submitted by Belize, Guatemala and Honduras before scheduling oral arguments and moving toward a final binding ruling on the sovereignty of the archipelago. Local journalist Isani Cayetano contributed reporting on the latest developments for Belize’s News Five outlet.

  • CARICOM Relaunches Ten-Point Slavery Reparations Plan

    CARICOM Relaunches Ten-Point Slavery Reparations Plan

    In a landmark gathering marking a new phase of the Caribbean reparations movement, regional leaders and advocacy representatives have relaunched a revised, 10-point framework for slavery reparatory justice, just months after the United Nations General Assembly issued a historic declaration classifying the transatlantic enslavement of African people as “the gravest crime against humanity.”

    Hosted in St. Philip, Barbados, the Third CARICOM Regional Conference on Reparations ran from September 17 to 19, 2026, centered on the overarching theme “Reparatory Justice as the Coming Enlightenment.” Belize, one of the bloc’s member nations, joined the collective push for redress, sending a representative from its Pro-Tem Reparations Committee, Nuri Muhammad, to participate in the three days of deliberations.

    The conference marked a critical strategic shift for the decades-long reparations movement. For years, regional advocates centered their work on building a documented historical case proving the pervasive, intergenerational harm inflicted by centuries of chattel slavery and colonial exploitation. Today, that focus has evolved: movement leaders are now prioritizing the definition of what meaningful, transformative reparations should actually deliver for current and future Caribbean communities.

    A central outcome of the conference was the official relaunch of CARICOM’s updated Ten-Point Plan for Reparatory Justice. The revised framework expands on earlier iterations to directly address a range of pressing contemporary challenges facing Caribbean nations, including gaps in public health infrastructure, inequities in educational access, crippling regional sovereign debt, demands for gender justice, and direct monetary compensation for the ongoing harms of historical exploitation.

    For Belize specifically, the work of advancing reparations does not end with the conference’s conclusion. The country’s temporary reparations committee will next conduct a full review of the meeting’s outcomes, then map out targeted strategic actions that Belize can advance both independently at the national level and collaboratively as part of the broader CARICOM bloc. The gathering has reinvigorated regional momentum for reparatory justice, aligning the movement’s collective approach after the UN’s landmark global recognition of slavery’s unparalleled harm in March 2026.

  • Belmopan’s UDP Mayoral Hopeful Confronts Political Baggage

    Belmopan’s UDP Mayoral Hopeful Confronts Political Baggage

    As Belmopan’s 2026 municipal election approaches, one United Democratic Party (UDP) mayoral hopeful is facing a unique, high-stakes challenge: overcoming the shadow of his party’s troubled past to convince voters that he can deliver the fresh leadership the capital city needs. Isidoro “Richie” Galvez, a former deputy mayor of Belmopan, has launched his campaign for the city’s top local government post under the campaign slogan “A New Era”, framing his bid as a people-centered break from the partisan status quo that has long defined local politics.

    Galvez’s path to the nomination has not been without significant headwinds. Critics and political opponents have repeatedly tied him to the previous controversial UDP administration he served as a junior member of, an administration that faced widespread public criticism over reported financial mismanagement and persistent governance gaps. For Galvez, every campaign stop, every community outreach event, and every policy proposal doubles as an opportunity to address these lingering questions head-on, as he works to separate his personal political brand from the unpopular actions of the prior administration.

    In comments shared in a recent televised interview, Galvez pushed back against critics’ claims, framing his past time in municipal government as a learning experience rather than a mark against his candidacy. “I am more, Belmopan first, people first, community first, rather than putting any political party first. That is my belief and I am sticking to that,” he said. “The new era movement that we are pushing in Belmopan, the momentum is crazy. You have a lot of young people who had no interest in politics who wake up and are going to the elections and boundaries office getting ready.”

    Looking back at his entry into politics in 2018, Galvez noted that he joined the Belmopan City Council as a first-time rookie councilor with big ambitions for change, but quickly found that rank-and-file council members held little decision-making power to deliver on campaign promises. “Entering Belmopan City Council, you feel like you could get so much done, access to certain resources and it is not like that. Any of the councilors there presently or been there once can attest that you don’t have much say as the council,” he explained. His tenure as deputy mayor was further interrupted by unforeseen global events: just two weeks after he took up the deputy post, the COVID-19 pandemic upended local governance, leaving him with little opportunity to implement his policy goals. “I didn’t do much during that period. I hear the cries; I hear what the opponents are trying to sell that I am part of the Belmopan City Council back then and as a rookie councilor I can say a lot of what I wanted to do I never got done,” Galvez added.

    The race now hangs on a critical question: can Galvez convince fed-up Belmopan residents to look past his party’s past missteps and give him a chance to lead the city into a new era? Or will the long shadow of the prior UDP administration prove too heavy a burden to overcome on election day?

  • Is Belmopan’s Municipal Race Shaped by Scandal and Suspicion?

    Is Belmopan’s Municipal Race Shaped by Scandal and Suspicion?

    As the 2026 Belmopan municipal election campaign gains traction, two long-simmering political scandals have emerged as defining forces shaping voter sentiment and candidate strategy, with UDP mayoral hopeful Isidoro “Richie” Galvez pushing back against opposition claims that a vote for his campaign is a de facto vote for disgraced former UDP heavyweight John Saldivar.

    In a public address responding to growing voter questions, Galvez acknowledged that widespread voter frustration over the ongoing Mira Millions scandal, linked to his PUP opponents, has driven significant disillusioned support to his campaign. He noted that this trend aligns with a long-standing pattern in Belizean politics, where elections are more often driven by voters pushing out incumbent parties they are unhappy with than actively endorsing a new platform or candidate.

    “Many residents of Belmopan are fed up with the current string of scandals, and I can feel that frustration translating into support for my campaign,” Galvez stated. “While much of my current momentum comes from backlash against my opponents’ controversies, there is also a solid base of voters who are choosing to vote for me, not just against the other side.”

    But Galvez has not been able to escape his own association with political controversy. Opponents from the PUP have drawn a parallel between their own attacks: just as they frame a vote for PUP candidate Cawich as a vote tied to the Mira Millions scandal, they argue a vote for Galvez is a vote that lets Saldivar retain indirect political influence in Belmopan.

    Galvez pushed back against these claims, dismissing them as little more than partisan propaganda from hardline PUP supporters. He did not, however, deny his past relationship with the former party leader. Galvez confirmed that he respects Saldivar and acknowledges the former heavyweight’s past contributions to infrastructure and development in Belmopan, a sentiment shared by many long-time city residents. But he emphasized that political dynamics in the city have shifted significantly, and he is running to forge an independent path.

    “There is a cloud hanging over John Saldivar, and we cannot run from that reality,” Galvez said. “I am running my own campaign, on my own platform, to serve the people of Belmopan, not to advance anyone else’s political agenda.”

    So far, Galvez has unveiled four candidates for his municipal council slate, with the remaining two positions expected to be announced to the public in the coming days as the campaign officially enters its active phase. This report is a transcribed excerpt from an evening television broadcast original to the outlet.

  • Venezuela’s President tells UN General Assembly negotiated settlement of border dispute best option

    Venezuela’s President tells UN General Assembly negotiated settlement of border dispute best option

    With a landmark International Court of Justice ruling on the decades-long Guyana-Venezuela border dispute just months away, Venezuela’s acting President Delcy Rodriguez used her first address to the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) on September 23, 2026, to publicly push for a negotiated bilateral settlement of the conflict over the resource-rich Essequibo Region.

    Addressing delegates at the 81st UNGA session – what she described as the global headquarters of international law – Rodriguez wore a controversial brooch depicting Venezuela’s territorial map that includes the entire Essequibo Region, a 55,000-square-mile territory that makes up two-thirds of Guyana’s total sovereign land area. In her remarks, Rodriguez reaffirmed Venezuela’s long-stated territorial claim to the region and extended an official appeal to Guyana to return to direct bilateral talks, aligned with the terms of the 1966 Geneva Agreement that governs the dispute.

    “Agreements that last the longest are those that emerge from bilateral negotiations,” Rodriguez told the assembly. “They last longer and function better than those imposed by external bodies.”

    This public address marks the first time Rodriguez has laid out her administration’s position on the dispute at a major global forum, coming nine months after former Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro was ousted from power by U.S. military intervention in January 2026. In a notable shift from the rhetoric of the Maduro era, Rodriguez did not launch criticism of the United States or ExxonMobil – the energy giant that has discovered massive oil reserves in Guyana’s offshore waters adjacent to the dispute zone – a departure from her previous speaking appearances alongside Maduro.

    Instead, Rodriguez praised a newly signed bilateral cooperation agreement between Washington and Caracas, calling it “one of the most all-encompassing and significant ever signed” between the two nations. She added that the deal will support regional energy balance and strengthen Venezuela’s struggling economy, and publicly thanked U.S. President Donald Trump for his administration’s willingness to restore full diplomatic relations and cooperation with the new Venezuelan government.

    Venezuela has long held that the 1966 Geneva Agreement requires a negotiated settlement to the dispute and rejects the ICJ’s authority to rule on the validity of the 1899 Arbitral Tribunal Award that established the current Guyana-Venezuela border. Despite this objection, Caracas has participated fully in all procedural stages of the case that Guyana brought to the ICJ after decades of stalled progress through the UN Good Offices mediation process. The UN Secretary General formally referred the dispute to the ICJ in accordance with the Geneva Agreement, and the court previously ruled it has jurisdiction to hear Guyana’s challenge on the legality of the 1899 border award. A final ruling is expected in early 2027.

    The United States has already signaled it stands ready to support both nations in negotiating a final maritime boundary settlement once the ICJ issues its territorial ruling. Venezuela is not a party to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, meaning any maritime delimitation will require direct bilateral negotiation. For its part, ExxonMobil has indicated it plans to resume oil exploration activities in the Stabroek Block, located in waters closer to the Venezuelan border, once the World Court issues its final ruling.

    Notably, Guyana already maintains close strategic ties with the United States and is a participating member of the Trump administration’s Shield of the Americas anti-narcoterrorism initiative, adding an additional layer of geopolitical complexity to the ongoing dispute.

  • State to appeal High Court ruling on ex-CLICO boss

    State to appeal High Court ruling on ex-CLICO boss

    A decades-long high-profile fraud case involving a former top Caribbean insurance executive took a dramatic new turn this week, when a High Court judge struck down a lower court’s ruling that would have sent Leroy Parris, ex-chairman of defunct CLICO Life Insurance Company, to trial on multi-million-dollar theft and conspiracy charges.

    The legal battle stretches back to 2012, when state prosecutors first laid four separate charges against Parris. Prosecutors allege that between late 2008 and mid-2009, Parris stole $3.33 million from CLICO International Life Insurance Limited, conspired with others to defraud the company by inducing it to transfer the funds to law firm Thompson and Associates, laundered the stolen sum, and later conspired to evade tax authorities by failing to file 2009 income tax returns. The case moved slowly through the courts for more than a decade, until 2023, when Magistrate Manila Renee ruled there was enough evidence to warrant a High Court trial and committed Parris for judgment.

    Rather than proceeding to trial, Parris’s legal team, led by prominent King’s Counsel Hal Gollop and attorney Neil Marshall, challenged the committal via judicial review. They named Magistrate Renee, the Attorney General, and the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) as respondents in the challenge, and successfully secured an interim injunction to halt the indictment. On Wednesday, Justice Michelle Weekes delivered her final ruling on the challenge from the No. 8 Supreme Court, siding entirely with Parris and issuing a writ of certiorari — a legal order that allows a higher court to invalidate a lower court’s ruling — to quash Renee’s committal decision.

    In her ruling, Justice Weekes went further, barring the magistrate from sharing case documents with the DPP and the Supreme Court Registrar, and issued a permanent injunction blocking the DPP from moving forward with the indictment against Parris. She explicitly ruled that Magistrate Renee’s finding of sufficient evidence to try Parris was invalid, on the grounds that the lower court’s actions violated both the constitution and core principles of natural justice. The judge has stated that full written reasoning for the decision will be released at a later date. The case has been adjourned until February 23, 2027, to allow for legal submissions on claims for damages and court costs.

    Speaking to reporters immediately after the ruling was handed down, Gollop described the years-long legal fight as grueling, saying his team felt validated by the High Court’s decision. “It has been a long and arduous task and we feel vindicated by the decision and look forward to the further progress of the matter so that we may bring it to a final conclusion,” Gollop said. “My client is very happy that this act of injustice has been given the stamp of disapproval by the court and we are happy with the outcome.”

    State legal representatives, however, have made clear that the case is far from over. King’s Counsel Roger Forde, who led the government’s legal team alongside attorneys Justin Nurse and Rene Forde, told reporters that the government intends to file an appeal of the High Court’s ruling, insisting Parris must answer to the charges before a jury. “The matter is not yet over,” Forde said. “An appeal will be filed and at some point in time, Mr Parris will face a jury. There is no merit at all in the decision. In fact, no reasons have been given for the decision.”

    Forde also noted that the challenge to Parris’s committal had previously been dismissed by another judge, arguing that the ruling’s flaws made it a clear candidate for appellate review. He added that the state would file its appeal application as soon as Justice Weekes releases her full written reasons for the decision, setting the stage for another years-long round of legal proceedings in one of the Caribbean’s most high-profile corporate fraud cases.

  • Justice Persaud’s US visa ‘sanction’ raises questions of judiciary’s independence- Justice Abel

    Justice Persaud’s US visa ‘sanction’ raises questions of judiciary’s independence- Justice Abel

    On Wednesday, September 23, 2026, a prominent Caribbean legal scholar with deep roots in Guyana delivered a stark warning to delegates at the Commonwealth Magistrates and Judges Association (CMJA) Annual Conference in Kingston, Jamaica. Retired Belize High Court judge Courtney Abel, who currently heads the University of Guyana’s Department of Law and has previously led two of the region’s most influential bar associations, argued that the recent United States decision to block serving Guyanese judge Gino Persaud from transiting through Florida en route to the conference has far-reaching ramifications for judicial independence across small and postcolonial states.

    The incident dates back to last Saturday, when Persaud was barred from boarding his connecting flight by commercial airline staff after his US visa was flagged as under active review. Persaud has remained silent on the episode, but context surrounding the visa move has sparked widespread concern among legal professionals.

    Persaud made a recent high-profile ruling against the Guyana Revenue Authority (GRA) in a tax evasion case centered on an under-reported luxury Lamborghini import connected to Azruddin Mohamed, Guyana’s current Opposition Leader and a vocal critic of the ruling People’s Progressive Party Civic. The Mohamed family, including Azruddin and his father Nazar “Shell” Mohamed, are already the target of US sanctions over allegations of unreported tax on gold exports to the US, and face an 11-count federal grand jury indictment in Florida on charges of wire fraud and mail fraud linked to the Lamborghini scheme. According to the indictment, the Mohameds arranged to falsify the vehicle’s value on customs documents, listing it at $75,300 instead of its actual $680,000 price tag to evade more than $1 million in Guyanese taxes. Persaud ruled against the GRA in the case, and the authority has since appealed the decision. Guyana’s Attorney General Anil Nandlall confirmed Tuesday that the government was dissatisfied with Persaud’s ruling.

    Abel framed the unexplained visa restriction as a de facto sanction against a sitting judge for a politically sensitive ruling. “The United States has not publicly called the measure a sanction. Yet an unexplained restriction imposed by a foreign power upon a serving judge, preventing him from travelling, operates as a sanction in practical effect. A sanction need not announce its name,” Abel told attendees during a panel session focused on growing pressures facing judicial independence and the rule of law.

    While Abel acknowledged that there is no concrete proof linking the visa review to Persaud’s ruling on the Mohamed case, he noted that the timing, political context, and lack of official explanation raise unavoidable questions. “Suspicion is not evidence, but silence is not an answer either,” he said. “The action affecting the judge therefore lies at the meeting point of domestic politics, judicial decision-making and American executive power.”

    In a press briefing Wednesday, US Ambassador to Guyana Nicole Theriot clarified that a visa marked “under review” means federal officials in Washington received new information prompting a re-evaluation of an applicant’s eligibility. When asked about the Persaud case, Theriot stated that the US Embassy in Georgetown was not aware of the specific action prior to it being reported.

    In his keynote presentation titled *Who writes the judgment. The Airport Gate The Acting Appointment The Algorithm*, Abel drew on decades of experience as a legal practitioner and judge across Caribbean jurisdictions to outline how subtle pressures on judicial independence operate. He noted that coercive power rarely announces itself openly: instead of overt threats or direct removal, actors often reshape contexts to erode judicial confidence, leaving formal structures of independence intact while quietly shifting outcomes. In the case of visa restrictions, he added, this form of pressure exposes a unique vulnerability for judges in small postcolonial states.

    “A constitution may protect a judge from the executive at home. Who protects the judge from the collateral power of an executive abroad?” Abel asked. He explained that small states operate within a deeply unequal global order, where their judges often rely on transit through major global hubs like the US to attend international legal conferences, professional development, or personal travel. While such immigration actions may be technically lawful under a country’s border rules, and judges do not receive diplomatic immunity for routine travel, the context and silence around the decision create a chilling effect that extends far beyond Persaud himself.

    “The question is larger than Justice Persaud. It concerns the judge who comes next. What message does the unexplained closing of one gate send to every judge who must later approach another?” he said. “When an unexplained exercise of foreign executive power materially affects a serving judge after politically sensitive decisions, at what point does a private immigration matter become a public question of judicial independence?”

    Abel’s remarks have sparked debate among conference delegates over how the global judicial community can protect judicial independence from transnational executive pressure, with many calling for a formal CMJA statement on the incident.