分类: science

  • UNESCO opens WINGS Caribbean fellowship for women in science and innovation

    UNESCO opens WINGS Caribbean fellowship for women in science and innovation

    The Caribbean region faces a range of pressing development challenges, from strengthening climate resilience to expanding inclusive digital growth — and women scientists and innovators across the area are now getting a targeted boost to advance their work and step into leadership roles through a new fellowship initiative.

    The UNESCO Office for the Caribbean has officially launched WINGS Caribbean, short for Women Inspiring New Generations in Science, a fellowship program built around the unifying theme “Advancing Science. Advancing Women. Transforming the Caribbean.” The program fills a critical gap in regional support, focusing specifically on mid-career and advanced-career women scientists, a group that has historically been underserved by existing capacity-building initiatives in the region.

    Two total fellowships will be awarded through the inaugural round: one focused on STEM disciplines, and a second dedicated to social impact innovation. Each award carries a $10,000 grant to support recipients’ project work over a 12-month period. Eligible applicants must be mid-career or advanced-career women working on solutions aligned with key regional development priorities. Eligible projects span a wide range of critical focus areas, including climate and environmental resilience, disaster risk reduction, digital innovation, applied scientific research, social development, public governance, social entrepreneurship, and community-engaged research. UNESCO emphasizes that it is seeking proposals that will deliver clear, practical, measurable benefits to local and regional communities across the Caribbean.

    To qualify, applicants must be nationals of UNESCO Member States or Associate Members in the English-speaking and Dutch-speaking Caribbean. The program is being delivered in partnership with two leading regional academic institutions: The University of the West Indies Mona Faculty of Science and Technology, and the Caribbean Academy of Sciences, which will provide technical guidance and regional expertise throughout the implementation process.

    Beyond financial support for individual projects, the core mission of WINGS Caribbean is twofold: to elevate overall scientific excellence across the region, and to boost the representation and leadership capacity of women working in research and innovation. The program also aims to build a connected regional network of women scientists, whose collective work will drive long-term progress toward a more resilient, innovative, and sustainable Caribbean. This initiative builds on years of UNESCO-led work to support women and girls in science across the region, but narrows its focus to supporting established women professionals, helping them scale their research, align their work more closely to pressing local needs, and turn their scientific achievements into greater leadership influence and tangible societal change.

    Applications for the 2026 round close at 11:59 p.m. Jamaica Time (UTC−5) on September 30, 2026. Full details on eligibility requirements, application guidelines, and access to the official online application form are available via the UNESCO WINGS Caribbean official application portal.

  • Onderzoek Faerber: langdurige opslag vergroot schimmelgroei in pindasambel

    Onderzoek Faerber: langdurige opslag vergroot schimmelgroei in pindasambel

    A recent undergraduate graduation study from Anton de Kom University of Suriname (AdeKUS) has uncovered critical insights into food safety risks associated with vegetarian peanut sambal, a widely consumed local product. The research, conducted by Cherise Faerber, who earned her Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Production with a concentration in Agroprocessing from the university’s Faculty of Technological Sciences (FTeW), identifies storage duration as the key factor driving declining microbiological quality and elevated mold growth in the popular condiment.

  • Dominican Republic and EU sign Agreement to study rare earth elements in Pedernales

    Dominican Republic and EU sign Agreement to study rare earth elements in Pedernales

    In a landmark step toward unlocking the Dominican Republic’s untapped geological resources, the national government and the European Union have formalized a collaborative agreement to conduct comprehensive scientific research on rare earth elements, gallium, and scandium located in the karst bauxite reserves of Pedernales’ Ávila Mining Fiscal Reserve. The newly signed Joint Declaration establishes a framework for evidence-based evaluation of the mineral deposits’ commercial and strategic potential, with a core focus on responsible, sustainable resource management.

    The signing ceremony, hosted at the Dominican Ministry of Foreign Affairs, brought together top leadership from both sides: Dominican Foreign Minister Víctor O. Bisonó Haza signed the document on behalf of the Caribbean nation, while Raúl Fuentes Milani, the European Union’s ambassador to the Dominican Republic, signed for the bloc. Energy and Mines Minister Joel Santos Echavarría also participated as a key stakeholder in the initiative.

    Speaking at the event, Bisonó underlined that rigorous, transparent mapping of the country’s mineral endowments is a foundational prerequisite for strategic decision-making. He emphasized that any future development of these deposits must be aligned with four non-negotiable priorities: long-term environmental sustainability, full operational transparency, strict protection of ecosystems, and advancement of the Dominican Republic’s national public interest.

    For his part, Ambassador Fuentes Milani clarified that the EU’s partnership extends far beyond direct financial investment. The collaboration is designed to build long-term capacity in the Dominican Republic: it prioritizes generating open, peer-reviewed scientific knowledge, facilitating the transfer of cutting-edge mineral assessment technology, and strengthening the technical skills of national personnel so the country can retain full autonomy over decisions related to its own natural resources.

    Central to the declaration is a pre-approved grant agreement with the University of Barcelona, which will lead the first phase of work: detailed mineralogical characterization of the rare earth elements, scandium, and gallium found in the Pedernales deposits. Beyond laboratory analysis, the project will also invest in training domestic scientific experts, developing standardized regulatory and operational frameworks for sustainable mining projects, and laying the groundwork for future non-reimbursable international cooperation initiatives focused on the Dominican resource sector.

    The total budget for the characterization project totals €538,709.50, with costs split evenly among three partners: the European Union, the Dominican national government, and the University of Barcelona. All allocated funds will be directed toward on-the-ground scientific activities, including specialized geochemical testing, field survey work across the Pedernales reserve, procurement of necessary research supplies, and hands-on knowledge transfer to Dominican technical staff to ensure long-term local leadership of future efforts.

    This new initiative is not a standalone effort, but rather an expansion of earlier geological research carried out under the EU’s SYSMIN II Program. Between 2010 and 2011, that earlier project first confirmed the presence of viable rare earth element deposits in the Pedernales bauxite formations, establishing the baseline scientific understanding that makes the current expanded assessment possible.

    Both signing parties reaffirmed the strategic importance of advancing this work to advance global responsible mining standards. By grounding future development decisions in robust, independent scientific evidence, the partnership aims to accurately quantify the value of the deposits, identify sustainable uses for the extracted minerals, and set a precedent for equitable, environmentally conscious resource development in the Caribbean region.

  • In memoriam Prof. Dr. Jan Mol

    In memoriam Prof. Dr. Jan Mol

    The global scientific community is mourning the passing of Jan Mol, one of the world’s leading experts on South American freshwater fish, who died in his native Netherlands in late August. His death came as a sudden shock to colleagues and collaborators, even as Mol had traveled back to the Netherlands for medical treatment just weeks earlier. The news of his passing was first shared by Mol’s assistant Kenneth Wan Tong You with his long-time colleague Dr. Paul Ouboter, who has penned this tribute to the trailblazing ecologist.

    Born in Oss, Netherlands in November 1958, Mol earned his biology degree from Utrecht University before relocating to Suriname in 1987. In a striking coincidence, both Mol and Ouboter officially joined the faculty of Anton de Kom University of Suriname on the same day: June 1, 1987. The pair first connected months before their official start dates, when Ouboter was called on to help treat a green iguana Mol was keeping that had stopped eating.

    In the early days of their careers at the university, which had only recently reopened after a period of violent national upheaval, the two Dutch researchers quickly built a close bond as they navigated the challenges of establishing new research programs in the South American nation. Ouboter had secured substantial Dutch funding for his doctoral work on caimans, which allowed him to organize multiple research expeditions into Suriname’s interior. Mol, whose research focused on fish populations, frequently joined these trips, and the pair collected fish specimens alongside Ouboter’s caiman research.

    Through decades of rigorous field work — most notably his doctoral research on callichthyid armored catfish — and exhaustive analysis of existing literature on South American fish species, Mol rose to become one of the most respected ichthyologists working on the continent. He completed his PhD at Wageningen University in 1995, and was appointed Professor of Aquatic Ecology at Anton de Kom University a decade later in 2005. While he taught a wide range of undergraduate and graduate courses during his tenure, his greatest passion always remained field and laboratory research, a commitment that produced 57 peer-reviewed scientific publications across his career.

    Among Mol’s most impactful contributions to aquatic science are a series of transformative findings. He carried out groundbreaking new research on armored catfish, the group that formed the core of his doctoral work. He also upended common assumptions about the impact of small-scale gold mining on river ecosystems, showing that sediment clouding (rather than mercury contamination) is the primary cause of harm to aquatic life. Mol documented 40 years of shifts in fish communities after the construction of the Brokopondo Reservoir, conducted comprehensive biodiversity surveys of fish populations across Suriname’s major river systems including the Coppename, Palumeu, and rivers in the Nassau and Lely mountains, and contributed to the formal scientific description of multiple previously unknown fish species.

    However, Ouboter notes that Mol’s most enduring scientific contribution is likely his 889-page seminal reference work, *The Freshwater Fishes of Suriname*, published in 2012. The text catalogs 480 species of freshwater and brackish water fish found in Suriname, and remains the only comprehensive reference work on the country’s fish fauna to date.

    Ouboter, who collaborated with Mol on dozens of research projects and publications over more than 35 years of partnership, remembered his late colleague as a brilliant mind and irreplaceable resource for Suriname’s scientific community. “I will miss him as a brilliant colleague; Suriname loses in him the leading expert on fish and a sharp analytical mind,” Ouboter wrote.

  • Four Bahamas radars all operational for first time

    Four Bahamas radars all operational for first time

    A landmark moment for meteorological infrastructure in The Bahamas has been reached this week, as the entire four-unit fleet of the country’s C-Band National Weather Radars began simultaneous operation — a first in the nation’s history. This long-awaited milestone was made possible after the Mayaguana radar, which was originally installed back in March 2021, was powered up for the first time, completing a contiguous radar network that covers the entire Bahamian archipelago and extends its monitoring reach toward the neighboring Turks and Caicos Islands.

    Sited in the southeastern portion of The Bahamas, the Mayaguana radar fills a critical gap in the national weather monitoring system. Its activation by the Bahamas Aviation Climate & Severe Weather Network (BACSWN) unlocks the full capabilities of the integrated four-radar system, bringing the years-long modernization project one major step closer to completion. The breakthrough comes just months after BACSWN signed a $427 million Heads of Agreement with the Bahamian government on May 7, 2025, through which the organization committed to a sweeping expansion of weather and radar surveillance across the entire country.

    Patrick Rollins, president and chief executive officer of BACSWN, publicly thanked his team for their relentless work to bring the project to fruition, and also recognized the substantial time, funding, and technical support contributed by Bahamas Power and Light (BPL) throughout the development process. The four C-Band radars, strategically positioned across New Providence, Abaco, Long Island, and Mayaguana to provide overlapping coverage, were first deployed as a core component of a roughly $20 million national weather radar modernization initiative launched by the government back in 2017, with construction and installation carried out by global meteorological technology firm Vaisala.

    Looking ahead, project leaders have set their next target: restoring and integrating the legacy EEC S-Band weather radar located on Ragged Island into the new national network. Once that unit is returned to full operational service, it will add further resilience to the country’s radar infrastructure and fill the last remaining coverage gap to complement the four active C-Band systems already in place.

    Michael Strachan, Chief Operating Officer of BACSWN, explained that the expanded, fully connected network will allow meteorological forecasters to cross-reference radar observations with dozens of other complementary meteorological data streams. This integration will produce a far broader, more uninterrupted picture of precipitation, severe thunderstorms, and other high-impact weather events as they develop, traverse the islands, or approach the Bahamian archipelago from the Atlantic.

    The timing of this historic activation carries particular urgency, as the annual Atlantic hurricane season is already underway. The enhanced, contiguous radar coverage will drastically improve The Bahamas’ capacity to monitor developing tropical systems and severe thunderstorms, detect rapidly shifting weather conditions, and deliver real-time data to underpin more accurate forecasting, faster public warnings, and more effective emergency preparedness actions. For a low-lying island nation that faces repeated hurricane threats, this upgrade represents a critical improvement to public safety infrastructure.

    According to BACSWN, the newly completed radar network will serve as the foundation for a much broader, next-generation weather and aviation surveillance ecosystem that will integrate Raytheon’s cutting-edge multi-function phased-array radar technology, advanced electro-optical sensors, and a suite of other modern monitoring systems. The organization is also partnering with the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to integrate the Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System (AWIPS), the same operational forecasting and weather data aggregation platform used by the U.S. National Weather Service, NOAA, and the U.S. National Hurricane Center.

    Once fully integrated, AWIPS will allow BACSWN’s aviation meteorologists to combine radar observations with satellite imagery, ground-based surface readings, numerical weather prediction models, lightning detection data, and dozens of other meteorological data inputs all within a single unified operational interface, streamlining forecasting workflows and reducing delays in critical warning dissemination.

    BACSWN also noted that its ongoing development of the proprietary WxSenseNet™ system, its strategic partnership with Israeli satellite weather technology firm Tomorrow.io, and ongoing collaborative research and development efforts with the U.S. National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and NOAA will continue to expand and refine the country’s national weather monitoring capabilities in the coming years.

    The benefits of this new network extend far beyond just hurricane preparedness. Improved radar coverage and integrated, accessible meteorological data will deliver enhanced situational awareness for a wide range of stakeholders, including commercial and general aviation, commercial marine shipping and fishing operations, emergency management agencies, national and local government bodies, private sector businesses, and local communities across the archipelago.

    For BACSWN, the activation of all four C-Band radars marks a critical milestone on the path to fully modernizing The Bahamas’ national weather infrastructure, improving the nation’s ability to deliver timely, accurate weather intelligence, boost aviation safety across the country’s airports and airspace, and strengthen resilience to hurricanes and other severe weather events.

    Itai Zlotnik, co-founder of Tomorrow.io, emphasized the transformative nature of the project. “We built Tomorrow.io to own the whole chain: satellites that sense the atmosphere, models that run on what they measure, and software that turns both into a decision,” Zlotnik explained. “A national aviation weather centre used to take a decade of capital to build. The Bahamas is skipping that and building the first next-generation meteorological watch office from the ground up, for a strategically located nation encompassing 173,000 sq miles – 95 percent ocean. That only works with a partner as ambitious as the idea, and BACSWN is that partner. Working with them has been a privilege. They knew exactly what the country needed, held every partner at the table to a world-class standard, including us, and pushed us to be better. It is the kind of partnership we hope for on every programme and rarely get. In Nassau, their sensor network anchors the ground, our satellites observe the sky, and our models turn every observation into a decision: hold the approach, reopen the runway. Pilots, controllers and the communities they serve will have weather intelligence most of the world does not have yet.”

  • An institution marked by talent

    An institution marked by talent

    On August 31, 2026, Cuban President Miguel Díaz-Canel Bermúdez, who also serves as First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, conducted an official visit to the Institute of Cybernetics, Mathematics, and Physics (ICIMAF), where he received a comprehensive briefing on the institution’s latest groundbreaking research projects, most notably a series of innovations in orthopedic and cardiovascular medical technology.

    At the top of the institute’s recent achievements is Boneconsol, a medium-power ultrasonic generator designed specifically for the prevention and therapeutic treatment of impaired bone consolidation. Currently navigating the national regulatory validation process, the device is set to secure Cuba’s technological sovereignty in producing a cutting-edge, non-invasive ultrasonic system for bone healing. Led by Dr. Ernesto Carrillo Barroso of ICIMAF’s Department of Applied Physics, the project was developed to deliver domestically engineered, high-quality medical equipment to the nation’s orthopedic surgeons and rehabilitation physiotherapists. Unlike imported alternatives, the Boneconsol system enhances therapeutic outcomes by eliminating false negative diagnostic results, accurately tracks treatment efficacy, cuts down on unnecessary hospital admissions, and accelerates patients’ recovery to return to regular daily activities.

    During the visit, Díaz-Canel paid special attention to a secondary development tied to the Boneconsol project: a ceramic-resin composite material crafted from polymers and calcium phosphates, engineered to support fracture fixation via ultrasonic bone welding technology. Dr. Julio Francisco Rivero Hernández, a specialist at the Frank País International Orthopedic Scientific Complex, lauded ICIMAF’s work, noting that the institution’s scientific and technological standing matches that of leading global peer research centers. He highlighted the collaborative project’s key win: a biocompatible, low-cost biomaterial that enables domestic production of bioactive resorbable screws for osteosynthesis paired with ultrasonic bone welding. This technology is particularly critical for treating non-displaced intracapsular hip fractures, a common injury among aging populations, a demographic group that makes up a substantial share of Cuba’s population.

    Beyond orthopedic innovation, ICIMAF researchers also presented two additional breakthroughs to the president: a new low-cost, reusable piezoelectric sensor that measures blood flow during coronary implant ultrasound surgeries, and a Doppler technology application built on the Android operating system that converts raw acoustic signals into high-resolution spectrograms and accurate hemodynamic metrics for blood flow measurement and validation in angiology and coronary implant procedures.

    In closed-door discussions with ICIMAF researchers, institutional leaders, and representatives from Cuba’s Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (CITMA), Díaz-Canel drew attention to the extraordinary depth of research talent cultivated within the institute, stressing that this valuable human capital remains significantly underutilized across the country’s economic sectors. He publicly criticized the persistent gap between cutting-edge research produced at ICIMAF and the lack of demand, institutional support, and real-world adoption of these innovations by key industries.

    A key strength of ICIMAF, the president noted, is its unique intergenerational research model, which blends decades of experience from veteran leading scientists with fresh energy and expertise from early-career young talent. Many recent university graduates have already stepped into key research roles and proven their capability and commitment to the institution’s work in less than a year after graduation. One standout example is Amanda Navarro, an automation engineering graduate who earned her degree just 12 months prior from Havana’s Technological University (CUJAE). Navarro is currently a core member of an Agriculture 4.0 initiative at ICIMAF, which leverages drone technology and mobile robotic platforms to monitor and treat agricultural crops, positioning the institution to drive innovation across Cuba’s critical agriculture sector as well.

  • COMMENTARY: The Dominica Barn owl – another endemic bird for the Nature Isle

    COMMENTARY: The Dominica Barn owl – another endemic bird for the Nature Isle

    For generations of residents across the Caribbean island of Dominica, the local barn owl has been a familiar, if often nocturnal, presence. Many islanders have spotted the stealthy raptor roosting in local church buildings, caught a glimpse of its silent flight overhead, or woken to its distinctive screech after dark. Known by two traditional local names, the species is called *chawan* by Kwéyòl speakers, while communities in the Marigot and Wesley regions that speak Kòkòy refer to it as *jombie bòd*, or jumbie bird. As a permanent resident breeder, the owl lives and reproduces exclusively on the island year-round.\n\nAs a nocturnal apex predator, the Dominica barn owl hunts under cover of darkness, with an unusually broad diet that supports the island’s natural ecological balance. Its prey includes a wide range of species: small mammals such as rats and bats, large insects, lizards, and multiple bird species including seasonal migratory visitors. A decades-old field expedition to study the owl’s feeding habits offers clear evidence of this diverse diet. In the late 1990s, three researchers – retired Dominican forestry officer and lifelong bird enthusiast Bertrand ‘Dr. Birdy’ Jno. Baptiste, a French ornithologist based in Guadeloupe, and the original author of this report – climbed a rickety wooden ladder to access a long-standing owl nest inside the iconic steeple of the now-demolished Portsmouth Roman Catholic Church. By dissecting several regurgitated owl pellets collected from the nesting site, the team uncovered the preserved skeletons of bats, rats, large insects and multiple bird species, matching the expected dietary profile of the resident adult, which observed the group silently from its perch above throughout the research work.\n\nUntil recent taxonomic updates, the Dominica owl was classified as part of the widely distributed common barn owl species, *Tyto alba* – long labeled the most geographically widespread owl species on the planet. With a natural range spanning Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and the Caribbean, and introduced populations on Oceanic islands brought in for rodent control, the species showed marked physical variation across different regions. Unlike common barn owls found across most of the world, which have a distinct white facial disc bordered by an orange ring and lighter overall plumage, owls native to the Lesser Antilles have dark brown feathers and a fully dark facial disc. These consistent physical differences led taxonomists to reclassify the Lesser Antilles population as a separate standalone species, renamed the Lesser Antilles barn owl with the scientific name *Tyto insularis*, restricted only to the Windward Islands of Grenada, St. Vincent, the Grenadines and Dominica.\n\nFurther detailed analysis of the Lesser Antilles barn owl population uncovered even more distinct differences between island groups. Researchers confirmed that the Dominica population has unique physical traits that set it apart from barn owls on the other Lesser Antillean islands. As a result, the Dominican population has now been reclassified as a unique endemic subspecies, with the new scientific designation *Tyto insularis nigrescens*, while populations on Grenada, St. Vincent and the Grenadines retain the classification *Tyto insularis insularis*.\n\nThis new classification adds *Chawan*, as the owl is locally known, to Dominica’s growing list of endemic bird species – animals found nowhere else on Earth other than the Nature Isle. It now joins the island’s iconic endemic Sisserou Parrot (*Amazona imperialis*), the Jaco Parrot (*Amazona arausiaca*), and the Kalinago Wren (*Troglodytes martinicensis*) as a unique biological treasure found only within Dominica’s borders.\n\nBeyond its new taxonomic status, there are several fascinating and little-known facts about this unique endemic raptor. Unlike many wild raptors that prefer undisturbed old-growth forest, some of Dominica’s barn owls favor man-made structures like church steeples and abandoned warehouses as roosting and nesting sites, bringing them into close proximity with local communities. The owls also occasionally compete with larger native bird species for prime nesting real estate: several years ago, one pair of owls took over a pre-existing tree cavity nest built by parrots in Mone Diablotin National Park’s rainforest, with the resident owl even resting outside the entrance to enjoy daylight views on occasion.\n\nLike all owls, the Dominican subspecies has a number of extraordinary biological traits. Newly hatched barn owl chicks are covered in pure white down, which is gradually replaced by signature dark brown plumage as they mature. All owls, including the Dominica barn owl, can rotate their heads nearly 270 degrees – three-quarters of a full rotation – an incredible anatomical adaptation that lets them survey their surroundings without moving their bodies.\n\nFor many local communities, the owl also carries deep cultural and superstitious meaning. A long-held local belief holds that if an owl’s screech is heard in a village or town, it signals the impending passing of an elderly resident in the area, tying the raptor closely to local folklore and traditions that have persisted for generations.

  • Partial lunar eclipse will be visible across Dominican Republic tonight

    Partial lunar eclipse will be visible across Dominican Republic tonight

    Stargazers and astronomy enthusiasts across the Dominican Republic are marking their calendars for a striking celestial event in late August 2026, when a deep partial lunar eclipse will glide across the night sky, fully visible across the country if weather conditions cooperate. This astronomical showcase, which unfolds across the night of August 27 and into the early hours of August 28, will offer one of the most dramatic lunar events visible from the Caribbean nation in recent years.

    The eclipse follows a clear, step-by-step timeline for viewers based in the capital city of Santo Domingo, with the first subtle phase of the event kicking off at 9:23 p.m. local time on August 27. This opening stage is the penumbral eclipse, when the Moon begins to enter Earth’s faint outer shadow, a change that is often barely perceptible to the untrained eye. Roughly an hour later, at 10:33 p.m. the same night, the partial eclipse officially begins: the Moon starts moving into Earth’s darkest, central shadow, called the umbra, creating a distinct, gradually growing dark bite across the lunar surface.

    The peak of the event, known as maximum eclipse, is scheduled for 12:12 a.m. local time on August 28. At this exact moment, nearly 93% of the Moon’s entire diameter will be tucked inside Earth’s umbra, turning that portion of the lunar disk a deep, coppery red for observers. Following the peak, the partial eclipse concludes at 1:51 a.m., when the Moon exits the umbra, and the final penumbral phase wraps up entirely by 3:01 a.m.

    In total, the full sequence of the eclipse from the start of the penumbral phase to the end stretches approximately 5 hours and 38 minutes, with the partial phase — the most visually striking portion of the event — lasting roughly 3 hours and 18 minutes. For viewers in Santo Domingo, the geometry of the event adds to its viewing appeal: at the time of maximum eclipse, the Moon will sit roughly 61 degrees above the horizon in the south-southeast direction, a position that creates ideal viewing conditions as long as skies remain clear of cloud cover.

    While the Dominican Republic is positioned perfectly to watch the event, it is far from the only region with front-row seats. According to NASA data, the eclipse will also be visible across most of North America and South America, as well as portions of western Europe and western Africa. Astronomy groups across the Caribbean are already encouraging casual observers to head to locations with minimal light pollution to get the clearest view of the rare deep partial eclipse, which will bring a dramatic celestial display to skywatchers across the hemisphere.

  • 2C12: A Cuban candidate against cancer

    2C12: A Cuban candidate against cancer

    After years of targeted research focused on expanding local, accessible cancer treatment options, Cuban scientists at the island nation’s Center for Molecular Immunology (CIM) have announced that their novel immunotherapy candidate 2C12 is ready to enter its first clinical trial for patients with advanced melanoma. The announcement, shared officially via CIM’s public Facebook page on Monday, marks a key milestone for Cuba’s push toward domestic pharmaceutical sovereignty amid long-standing trade restrictions that limit access to costly imported cancer drugs.

    Designed to function similarly to pembrolizumab, a widely used global immunotherapy that activates the body’s own immune system to attack malignant tumor cells, 2C12 was developed in response to two overlapping challenges: the exorbitant price tag of many cutting-edge cancer treatments on the international market, and Cuba’s constrained ability to import these life-saving medications due to the United States’ decades-long economic, commercial, and financial blockade. For Cuban patients and healthcare systems, the homegrown candidate offers a potential path to a more affordable, widely available alternative to currently inaccessible immunotherapies.

    The first-phase clinical trial will enroll patients diagnosed with advanced melanoma, an aggressive form of skin cancer that has progressed to the point where surgical removal is no longer feasible or has spread to distant organs and tissues across the body. Multiple leading Cuban medical institutions will collaborate on the research, combining expertise from oncology centers across two provinces. In the capital city of Havana, teams from the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology and the Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical Surgical Hospital will lead local trial operations, while the Dr. Celestino Hernández Robau Territorial University Oncology Hospital will oversee participant recruitment and care in Villa Clara province.

    Patients or their family members interested in learning more about trial eligibility requirements and participation opportunities are directed to reach out directly to oncology specialists at the participating medical sites. For Cuban science, the advancement of 2C12 to clinical testing represents far more than a new potential cancer treatment: it is a tangible outcome of decades of investment in domestic biomedical research, and a major step forward in the country’s goal of building full sovereign capacity to develop and produce its own life-saving medications.

  • Search for Columbus-era shipwrecks off Puerto Plata enters decisive phase in 2027

    Search for Columbus-era shipwrecks off Puerto Plata enters decisive phase in 2027

    Decades of historical speculation about the fate of vessels from Christopher Columbus’s landmark voyages to the Americas will move toward a critical turning point in 2027, following initial underwater surveys that uncovered more than 40 unusual seabed features near La Isabela, on the northern coast of the Dominican Republic’s Puerto Plata province. These geophysical anomalies are considered strong candidates for submerged archaeological sites tied to early European exploration of the New World.

    The multinational research initiative is a collaborative effort between UNESCO, the Dominican Republic government, and Spanish cultural institutions, centered on answering a longstanding historical question: do the remains of ships from Columbus’s 1493 second voyage to the Americas still lie preserved in the waters off La Isabela. La Isabela holds major historical significance as one of the first permanent European settlements established by Spanish colonizers in the Americas, making any associated shipwrecks extraordinarily valuable to scholars of early transatlantic history. Beyond vessels from the Columbus era, the project also holds potential to uncover lesser-studied shipwrecks spanning a 300-year period from the 1500s through the late 1700s.

    Two preliminary geophysical survey missions carried out in 2024 and 2026 mapped the seabed and identified the 40 irregular features that do not match natural geological formations. Alejandro Gumá Ruiz, a culture officer specializing in underwater heritage at UNESCO, noted that while remote sensing has pinpointed promising sites, targeted excavation is the only way to confirm whether these anomalies are indeed man-made archaeological remains.

    A joint working commission with representatives from UNESCO and Spain is scheduled to convene in early 2027 to finalize budget arrangements and confirm that sufficient funding is secured to launch the full excavation phase. If the work moves forward, researchers could uncover the remains of 16th and 17th century Spanish galleons and other vessels that played key roles in the early history of transatlantic trade and exploration.

    All fieldwork and preservation efforts will adhere to the standards set out in the 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, which mandates that submerged archaeological remains should be preserved in their original underwater location whenever possible, rather than being recovered and moved to museums. This framework prioritizes long-term conservation for future research, rather than extraction for display or private collection.

    The project brings together a diverse team of international specialists from leading academic and research institutions across five countries: the Dominican Republic, Spain, Mexico, Argentina, and the United States. Beyond the archaeological insights, a major discovery of Columbus-era shipwrecks would also strengthen La Isabela’s bid to become the Dominican Republic’s second UNESCO World Heritage Site. The country’s first listing, the Colonial City of Santo Domingo, was added to the register in 1990.

    Alongside advancing the exploration project, UNESCO issued a renewed warning about emerging threats to global underwater cultural heritage. The organization highlighted that human-caused climate change is accelerating the degradation of submerged archaeological sites, with ocean acidification eroding wooden and stone ship remains and more intense, frequent hurricanes disrupting seabed contexts and damaging fragile structures. UNESCO also emphasized the urgent need for stronger international legal frameworks to block unregulated treasure hunting that loots historical sites, as well as the development of more effective preservation strategies to protect vulnerable underwater heritage for future generations.