标签： Trinidad and Tobago

When the United National Congress (UNC) took power in Trinidad and Tobago in April 2025, it inherited a national treasury drained of resources and a decade of systemic mismanagement left by the previous People’s National Movement (PNM) administration. Prime Minister Kamla Persad-Bissessar laid out this challenging starting point and detailed her government’s early policy wins during a keynote address at the UNC’s 37th annual national congress, held Saturday in Couva.

Persad-Bissessar painted a stark picture of the economic damage the new administration inherited, telling assembled supporters that meaningful national recovery will require years of targeted effort to reverse a decade of damage. During the PNM’s 10-year tenure, she said, the country’s total national debt surged from $75.4 billion in 2015 to $144.7 billion in 2025 – a near-doubling of the national obligations. At the same time, overall economic output shrank by 20%, the country’s foreign reserve holdings were cut in half, and billions in public savings were withdrawn from state accounts.

Despite this weak starting position, Persad-Bissessar emphasized that the UNC has already delivered on core campaign promises within its first months in office. The administration quickly released a people-first national budget that cut the price of super gasoline by $1 per unit and eliminated value-added tax on all essential food items, policies designed to reduce cost-of-living burdens for working households.

“We restored fairness to a system where, for too long, ordinary citizens carried the weight of elite mismanagement,” the prime minister said. “Your UNC Government put more money back into your pockets.”

One of the administration’s most high-profile early achievements is a 10% wage increase for public sector workers, a policy the prime minister highlighted as a top campaign pledge fulfilled. An agreement between the Chief Personnel Officer and the Public Services Association (PSA) has already locked in the raise, delivering pay increases to more than 51,000 public workers: 17,000 PSA members, 20,000 National Union of Government and Federated Workers members, and 14,000 public school teachers. Persad-Bissessar confirmed that negotiations and planning are already underway to extend similar wage adjustments to other public sector employee groups. The government has also fulfilled its pledge to eliminate taxes on private pensions, a win for retired citizens across the country.

Beyond domestic policy gains, the UNC has successfully restored international investor and institutional confidence in Trinidad and Tobago’s economy, the prime minister said. Within its first year in office, the administration successfully issued a US$1 billion sovereign bond that drew 2.5 times oversubscription, with participation from more than 140 institutional investors across the globe. “That is a clear signal – the world believes in Trinidad and Tobago again,” Persad-Bissessar said. The government has also secured the country’s removal from both the European Union’s tax blacklist and the Financial Action Task Force’s (FATF) anti-money laundering blacklist, reversing diplomatic and economic damage from the previous administration and rebuilding the country’s global credibility.

As it works to resuscitate long-stagnant economic growth, the UNC government has placed a high priority on targeted social support for vulnerable and marginalized citizens, the prime minister added. The government has already disbursed $1 million in ex gratia compensation to families impacted by the 2022 Paria diving tragedy, a long-unresolved issue the previous administration failed to address. A wide range of ongoing social programs are delivering tangible support: more than 117,000 elderly citizens have received $3.8 billion in pension payments; 25,602 people living with disabilities have accessed $520.3 million in disability grants; 13,869 low-income vulnerable families have received $216 million in direct cash support; 12,614 people have accessed $75.7 million in targeted food assistance; and 2,808 people impacted by disasters have benefited from 1,232 individual disaster relief grants.

### Progress in Healthcare and Diplomatic Outreach

Beyond economic and social policy, Persad-Bissessar highlighted meaningful improvements to the country’s public healthcare system, long plagued by underfunding and access gaps. The Couva Children’s Hospital, shuttered for years under the previous administration, has been fully reopened and has already completed more than 600 same-day surgical procedures. Regional health authorities have expanded access to care across the country, doubling the number of operational public healthcare clinics and adding hundreds of new doctors, nurses and frontline medical staff to the understaffed public system.

On the diplomatic front, the UNC government has reengaged with global and regional partners at the highest levels to rebuild bilateral and multilateral ties, the prime minister said. She pointed to her own high-level meeting with United States President Donald Trump during the recent Summit of the Americas as a key step in repairing bilateral relations, as well as a meeting between Foreign and Caricom Affairs Minister Sean Sobers and King Charles III during an official visit to the United Kingdom. Persad-Bissessar came to Sobers’ defense amid recent controversy over Trinidad and Tobago’s objection to the reappointment of Caricom Secretary-General Dr. Carla Barnett, dismissing unsubstantiated claims that Sobers missed a key negotiating meeting due to seasickness as baseless rumor. The prime minister also highlighted a successful official visit by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, which deepened long-standing cultural and economic bilateral ties between the two nations.

For the island of Tobago, Persad-Bissessar reaffirmed that equitable development remains a top priority for the UNC administration. The 2025 national budget included the largest ever allocation for Tobago, totaling $3.725 billion earmarked for local infrastructure and social programs. The long-standing airfare subsidy for the domestic inter-island airbridge remains in place, and the cabinet has not yet made a final decision on a proposal to add two new unsubsidized flights to the route. The national government is also working closely with the Tobago House of Assembly (THA) to advance a full slate of legislative and administrative reforms: addressing long-standing legal anomalies in the THA Act, exploring the creation of a dedicated Tobago Local Police Service, reforming the outdated alien landholding licensing system, maintaining the existing export licence for the Studley Park quarry, advancing planning for a new desalination plant in Charlotteville to address chronic water shortages, and resolving decades-long unresolved land tenure disputes for local residents.

Members of the People’s National Movement (PNM) in Tobago headed to polling stations across the island on Wednesday to select the next political leader of the party’s Tobago Council, in an internal election that drew renewed engagement from party supporters even amid minor logistical hiccups. Polling operations kicked off at 8 a.m. local time and wrapped up at 6 p.m., with no official vote counts released as of the publication of this report. Two high-profile candidates are vying for the top leadership post, and both have expressed optimism about their chances of winning, while pledging to unify the fractured party once the election concludes.

Former Member of Parliament for Tobago West, Shamfa Cudjoe-Lewis, cast her ballot at the Hampden/Lowlands Multi-Purpose Facility, where she spoke to reporters about her outlook on the race. Cudjoe-Lewis framed the internal election not as a contest between individual personalities, but as a critical step toward rebuilding the PNM Tobago Council after a period of division. She noted that a high voter turnout would be a win for the entire party regardless of which candidate claims victory, because it demonstrates broad continued investment in the organization’s future among PNM supporters across all ideological and factional groups.

Ahead of the leadership vote, Cudjoe-Lewis pointed out that the election process had driven an unexpected surge in new party membership: at least 500 people have signed up as new PNM members specifically to participate in this leadership contest, and the majority of these new registrants joined through her campaign outreach. It is this ground-level momentum, she said, that leaves her confident she will secure the leadership post, and equally confident the party can heal and reunite once results are finalized.

The other leading candidate for the role, former Tobago House of Assembly (THA) minority leader Kelvon Morris, cast his vote at Bishop’s High School, where he echoed Cudjoe-Lewis’s confidence in his own victory while acknowledging some growing pains in the day’s voting process. Morris explained that only two polling stations were open for the election, leading to long lines and extended wait times for voters. While he praised the election supervisory committee for making the best of the limited resources available to them, he confirmed he had reached out to election supervisors to request the addition of extra polling booths to speed up processing for the remaining voters.

Morris also noted minor administrative issues, including some errors on the voter roll that left long-time PNM voters who had participated in past internal elections unable to find their names on registration lists. Even with these disruptions, Morris emphasized he was encouraged by the level of voter enthusiasm. Following a 15-0 defeat for the PNM in recent Tobago House of Assembly elections, many had predicted low turnout and fading support for the party, but Morris said large numbers of loyal members still turned out to exercise their democratic right to select the party’s next executive leadership team.

Morris argued that his four years of consistent, committed public service in Tobago had earned him the trust of both PNM members and the broader Tobagonian public. He centered his campaign on uniting the divided party, noting that even rival political figures have acknowledged his track record of bringing together factionalized groups that have been separated for years. Like his opponent, Morris pledged that regardless of the election’s outcome, he would work to unify the PNM: he said all participating members, including his rival candidate, would be included in the party’s work moving forward to build a single, united PNM Tobago Council.

For the small twin-island Caribbean nation of Trinidad and Tobago, a quiet but significant shift in foreign policy has unfolded over the past 12 months: a deliberate alignment of national strategy with the United States, rooted in overlapping security priorities and tangible energy sector opportunities. This calculated reorientation, which leaves room for occasional independent stances on global issues, brings immediate advantages but also carries unaddressed long-term risks tied to the volatility of American politics, regional political analysts have warned in recent interviews.

Speaking with local outlet the Express, leading Trinidadian political scientist Dr. Bishnu Ragoonath laid out the clear trajectory of the current administration, which took office one year ago. While the government has preserved independent positions on select high-profile issues – most notably its recent United Nations vote supporting global reparations for historical slavery – the overarching direction of its foreign policy is unmistakably tied to Washington, he argued.

Ragoonath outlined two core drivers behind the shift: security cooperation and energy access. For decades, Trinidad and Tobago has faced a persistent challenge as a key transshipment hub for illicit trafficking, including drug smuggling and human trafficking, between Latin America, North America, and Europe. Local and regional institutions lack the resources and maritime capacity to effectively seal the nation’s porous borders, he noted, with no CARICOM (Caribbean Community) member state able to provide the necessary logistical or operational support. Turning to the U.S., which already maintains significant maritime patrol presence in regional waters, addresses this critical gap.

The second, and arguably more compelling, driver is access to untapped natural gas reserves in Venezuelan territorial waters. Trinidad and Tobago’s domestic energy sector depends heavily on natural gas for domestic consumption and export, making new supply sources a core national priority. Ragoonath explained that the current administration has explicitly recognized that Washington’s influence over Venezuelan energy policy is critical to unlocking these reserves. Rather than pursuing direct bilateral negotiations with Caracas – which the country has so far avoided – Trinidad and Tobago is allowing U.S. energy firms to lead negotiations, with the expectation that Venezuelan gas will eventually be piped to Trinidadian processing platforms located near the bilateral maritime border. “To that extent the country is hoping that through the U.S. push into Venezuela that we will benefit indirectly,” Ragoonath told the Express.

In the near to medium term, this strategy has already delivered measurable benefits. Beyond improved border security and the promise of new energy supplies, Ragoonath noted that closer ties have spared Trinidad and Tobago from the stricter U.S. visa restrictions imposed on some other Caribbean nations in recent months. Prime Minister Kamla Persad-Bissessar has framed the policy as rooted in pragmatic national interest: while some critics have labeled moves “anti-CARICOM”, the Prime Minister has long argued that her core mandate is to prioritize Trinidad and Tobago’s economic and security needs above regional consensus.

Yet the strategy carries a major, unavoidable risk: the deep polarization and unpredictability of U.S. domestic politics, particularly ahead of November’s midterm congressional elections. Ragoonath pointed out that Persad-Bissessar’s administration has effectively aligned with the current Republican-led congressional majority, centered on Donald Trump’s policy agenda. If Democrats capture control of both houses of Congress in the upcoming vote, the direction of U.S. policy toward Venezuela and the Caribbean could shift dramatically, leaving Trinidad and Tobago exposed. “It is a risk Kamla Persad-Bissessar has taken in throwing her eggs into one basket but so far it has worked in her favour. How long it will continue to work, only time will tell,” Ragoonath said.

Despite the rift over foreign policy alignment, analysts agree that tensions will not fracture the 15-member CARICOM regional bloc. Long-running disagreements over unanimity and institutional governance have plagued Caribbean integration efforts for decades, Ragoonath noted. Unlike the European Union, which has a dedicated parliamentary body to debate and reconcile differing national positions, CARICOM operates under the 1973 Treaty of Chaguaramas, which requires full unanimity for major policy decisions – a standard that has not been met for years. Even at the most recent CARICOM summit, Jamaican Prime Minister Andrew Holness openly affirmed that all member states retain full sovereignty over their individual foreign policy choices. Ragoonath added that he supports Persad-Bissessar’s calls for comprehensive reform of CARICOM’s governance structures, which have failed to adapt to changing regional priorities.

International relations expert Dr. Anthony Gonzales echoed this assessment, telling the Express that recent public disagreements over CARICOM are targeted at the bloc’s current leadership, not the regional integration project itself. Once the current leadership dispute is resolved, Trinidad and Tobago’s working relationship with the bloc will return to normal, he argued. Core areas of cooperation, including trade rules, tariff coordination, and free movement of goods, remain fully intact, he noted. The current divergence over U.S. alignment is also far from unprecedented: during the 2019 Juan Guaido political crisis, CARICOM was openly split over whether to recognize Guaido as Venezuela’s interim president, with some members cutting diplomatic ties with Caracas entirely. “If Trinidad wants to support the U.S. on certain things, a lot of countries do. They may prefer a neutral position, but they are not necessarily against the U.S., so it is not uncommon,” Gonzales said.

Gonzales confirmed that Trinidad and Tobago’s foreign policy shift toward closer U.S. alignment is clear, though he personally opposes elements of the strategy. “I find it hard to accept the support for the moves against our migrants, deportations and the anti-minority anti-black rhetoric, placing people in detention centres and so on. You do not know where you are with President Trump…but that is the reality of the world,” he said. Even so, he noted that closer ties with Washington are unlikely to cause lasting harm to Trinidad and Tobago: the U.S. has been a traditional security and economic partner for Caribbean nations for decades, and the current alignment is just a deepening of that long-standing relationship.