标签: Haiti

海地

  • FLASH : A certain «collusion» between politicians and gangs threatens elections in Haiti

    FLASH : A certain «collusion» between politicians and gangs threatens elections in Haiti

    As Haiti prepares to hold its long-awaited presidential and legislative elections later this year, a top regional official has sounded an urgent alarm over hidden ties between the country’s political actors and violent criminal gangs that could undermine the entire democratic process.

    During a public press briefing this Thursday, Organization of American States Secretary General Albert Ramdin pulled back the curtain on an open secret in the country: “There is a certain collusion between the political world and the gangs. I am saying this clearly because everyone knows it, but no one is talking about it.”

    Ramdin, who completed an official visit to Haiti in August to assess pre-election conditions, told reporters he had already raised the issue directly with Haitian national authorities. During those discussions, he pushed for the implementation of strict, transparent eligibility rules that would bar candidates tied to armed criminal organizations from appearing on election ballots. To date, however, he said the government has not provided any clear, actionable response to his proposal.

    Ramdin added that a full accounting of the damage caused by these political-criminal links will not be possible until all participating candidates are vetted and their connections properly documented. Without robust guardrails in place, the credibility of the final election results will almost certainly be called into question, he warned.

    For the OAS, resolving Haiti’s years-long political and humanitarian crisis is a top institutional priority. In his briefing, Ramdin pinpointed widespread, gang-fueled insecurity as the single biggest barrier to holding free, fair, and accessible elections. He also raised sharp questions about the performance of the UN-backed Gang Suppression Force (GSF), the multinational security mission deployed to stabilize the country, noting that some nations that had previously pledged support to the mission have failed to follow through on their commitments.

    “Holding elections depends on a favorable security climate,” Ramdin insisted, referencing the unrelenting wave of violence that has ravaged Haitian communities for the better part of a decade. Current official electoral timelines schedule the first round of presidential and legislative voting for December 13, 2026, with a second round set to follow on February 21, 2027.

    The scale of the country’s security crisis underscores the gravity of Ramdin’s warning. Latest data from the United Nations shows that gang-related violence killed at least 3,050 people and injured another 1,401 across Haiti in just the first six months of 2026, a death toll that highlights how far security forces are from reasserting control over much of the country.

  • Leisure : Did you know ? #58

    Leisure : Did you know ? #58

    As part of its popular biweekly “Did You Know?” trivia series launched to engage curious learners of all ages, HaitiLibre’s 58th edition of the general knowledge quiz shines a spotlight on a foundational ingredient that defines Haitian culinary identity: the goat pepper, botanically classified as Capsicum chinense. The latest quiz entry, published October 9, 2026, poses a culinary question that tests even the most knowledgeable food enthusiasts: which intensely aromatic, spicy chili is the core seasoning found in nearly all traditional Creole marinades and sauces across Haiti?

    The official answer reveals that the goat pepper holds the title of the quintessential aromatic chili of Haitian cooking. Easily identifiable by its distinctive wrinkled, pleated shape and vivid hues that shift from sunny yellow to deep red-orange, this pepper stands out from other chili varieties thanks to its strong, fruity fragrance and a bold but well-balanced heat that enhances rather than overwhelms dishes. Rooted in generations of local culinary tradition, goat pepper is often used whole to infuse flavor into meats, rice dishes, pickled pikliz, and savory sauces, rather than crushed, allowing cooks to draw out its complex essential oils slowly for a subtle, layered taste.

    Beyond its central role in Haitian cuisine, goat pepper also offers notable benefits for both small-scale farmers and consumers. For local market gardeners across Haiti’s plains, the crop is a lucrative agricultural product, perfectly adapted to the country’s hot, sunny climate and growing conditions. Nutritionally, it packs a powerful punch, boasting high levels of vitamin C and antioxidant compounds that support overall bodily health. Today, the pepper is a permanent fixture on every local market vendor’s stall, cementing its status as a non-negotiable component of the distinctive Haitian flavor profile that graces family dinner tables across the country and diaspora communities worldwide.

    This culinary insight comes directly from the answer key of HaitiLibre’s ongoing trivia project, which invites users to explore hundreds of quizzes covering everything from Haitian culture and history to global current events, designed to build and test general knowledge. For more experienced trivia lovers seeking a greater challenge, the platform hosts an expert-level menu with advanced quizzes across a wide range of themes.

    As part of the platform’s regular monthly content updates, 30 brand-new trivia games were added to the quiz hub on September 1, 2026, pushing the total number of available interactive quizzes to 240, with new additions scheduled every month moving forward. All exclusive games on the platform are 100% free to access, require no user registration, and are built to suit players of all ages. Each quiz includes three difficulty tiers—easy, intermediate, and hard—and is offered in both French and English to serve a broad audience.

    HaitiLibre invites curious readers to visit the quiz platform at https://quiz.haitilibre.com/en to start exploring immediately, encourage users to share the resource with family and friends, and welcomes feedback through a comment form available at the end of every completed quiz. The platform reminds new users that even if you do not know all the answers right away, it is a space for learning: every incorrect answer is an opportunity to pick up new knowledge that you can later share to impress your loved ones.

  • Agriculture : The Steering Committee approves the implementation of the Inclusive Blue Economy Project (2026-2027)

    Agriculture : The Steering Committee approves the implementation of the Inclusive Blue Economy Project (2026-2027)

    Against a backdrop of growing climate threats to Haiti’s precious coastal and marine ecosystems, the national Steering Committee (COPIL) for the Inclusive Blue Economy (I-BE) initiative has greenlit the project’s full implementation plan for the 2026-2027 fiscal year. The approval was formalized during a committee gathering held earlier this week in the northern coastal city of Cap-Haitien.

    Led by Haiti’s Ministry of Environment through the country’s National Observatory for Environmental Quality and Vulnerability (ONQEV), the cross-ministerial project brings together partners from the Ministry of Economy and Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Rural Development (MARNDR), with core funding and technical support from the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD).

    At its core, the I-BE project pursues two interconnected goals: to advance science-backed, sustainable stewardship of Haiti’s marine and coastal natural assets, and to meaningfully improve economic outcomes for the millions of Haitian households that rely on these resources for their survival.

    The second plenary meeting of COPIL was chaired by Valéry Fils-Aimé, Haiti’s Minister of Environment and current head of the steering committee. Attendees included MARNDR Minister Marcelin Aubourg, senior officials from the Ministry of Environment, MARNDR, and the National Agency for Protected Areas (ANAP), as well as municipal leaders, civil society representatives from Haiti’s North and Northeast departments, and IFAD technical experts.

    In his opening address to participants, Minister Fils-Aimé highlighted the urgency of the project’s mission, noting that Haiti’s biologically diverse marine and coastal heritage is already facing severe degradation from accelerating climate change impacts and years of unregulated, unsustainable extraction. He stressed that the Haitian government’s commitment to the initiative is unwavering, calling on all participating stakeholders to position the country’s natural resources as a long-term driver of inclusive sustainable development, rather than a commodity to be exploited at the cost of future generations. “We cannot prioritize short-term gains over the integrity and regenerative capacity of our most vital natural assets,” he emphasized.

    Minister Aubourg echoed this balanced approach, underlining the critical need to align conservation of Haiti’s fragile ecosystems with tangible progress in lifting living standards for local communities that depend on these lands and waters for work and food. He praised the I-BE project’s framework for directly advancing the Haitian government’s core national priorities of strengthening food security and ending widespread hunger. Per Aubourg, the initiative will deliver widespread public benefits by diversifying local livelihood opportunities, boosting household incomes, improving community nutrition, and cultivating new economic sectors that operate in harmony with long-term natural resource management goals.

    Following a recent on-site evaluation of project activities across intervention zones, IFAD Country Director Samir Bejaoui offered a positive assessment of early outcomes. Bejaoui attributed the documented improvements in beneficiary livelihoods to the project’s focus on supporting local entrepreneurship paired with targeted technical guidance from collaborating national institutions. He also commended the Ministry of Environment for its strong leadership of the initiative and the consistent commitment of all implementing bodies, noting that their work has already helped participating households increase their earnings and build greater resilience to overlapping economic, climate, and social shocks.

    When fully rolled out over the 2026-2027 period, the I-BE project will reach 24,000 households across a range of sustainable resource-focused sectors, including artisanal fishing, climate-smart rice cultivation, beekeeping, sustainable cattle ranching, and improved access to microfinance for small-scale local entrepreneurs. Project activities are concentrated in five municipalities across Haiti’s North and Northeast departments: Caracol, Limonade, Terrier-Rouge, Fort-Liberté, and Ferrier, regions with extensive coastal ecosystems and high rates of poverty linked to natural resource dependence.

    By investing in these interventions, the initiative aligns with Haiti’s national development goals to expand the inclusive blue economy, strengthen food security, reduce extreme poverty, and build greater community resilience—particularly for coastal populations that are among the most vulnerable to climate change impacts globally.

  • Agriculture : Rehabilitation of the Arnaud rural road (Nippes Department)

    Agriculture : Rehabilitation of the Arnaud rural road (Nippes Department)

    Against a backdrop of persistent challenges to Haitian agricultural productivity and rural mobility, a critical infrastructure upgrade is underway in the commune of Arnaud, Nippes Department. Led by Haiti’s Ministry of Agriculture through the Resilient Agriculture for Food Security Project (known locally as PARSA), the rehabilitation of the Arnaud rural road seeks to address longstanding barriers that have held back local farming communities and restricted access to essential commercial hubs.

    The project focuses on a key 800-meter stretch of road that links Carrefour Azor to Chalumeau, passing through Morne Katina. A series of targeted infrastructure improvements are being carried out to transform this once unreliable route: 200 linear meters of reinforced concrete wheel tracks are being laid to strengthen the road surface, a 59.28-meter ford crossing is being constructed to simplify river passage, an 84-meter protective low wall is being built to prevent erosion, and full re-profiling of the existing 800-meter track is underway to smooth passage. Notably, drainage ditch work across the entire project site has already been finalized, addressing one of the route’s most persistent pre-rehabilitation flaws.

    Before construction began, this road was a source of constant difficulty for local residents and producers, particularly during the annual rainy season. Decay of the original road surface, paired with the insufficient original drainage system, led to widespread mud buildup and long-lasting stagnant puddles. By the height of wet seasons, passage for motorcycles—the primary form of rural transport in much of Haiti—became extremely challenging, and in some segments, entirely impossible. Previously, the route also forced travelers and produce transporters to cross the Grande Rivière des Nippes, a dangerous and time-consuming obstacle that disrupted travel and put shipments at risk.

    Once completed, the upgraded road will serve as a reliable vital link between local farming communities and the region’s key commercial outlets, most notably Gros-Bassin, the Nippes Department’s primary regional market. By eliminating the travel delays and damage to harvests caused by poor road conditions, the project directly targets one of the most costly issues facing local smallholder farmers: post-harvest loss. Producers will be able to move their crops to market faster and in better condition, while residents will gain more consistent access to essential goods and services supplied from urban centers.

    Beyond immediate mobility gains, the rehabilitation project is a core investment in the long-term resilience of Haiti’s agricultural sector. The new infrastructure is designed to withstand heavy rainfall and extreme weather events, reducing the need for frequent repairs and ensuring consistent access even during wet seasons. By closing the infrastructure gap between isolated production zones and formal commercial distribution networks, the project creates new economic opportunities for farming households that previously struggled to get their products to buyers at competitive prices.

    The Arnaud road project is just one component of PARSA’s broader ongoing work across Haiti. The initiative’s overarching goal is to expand and upgrade rural infrastructure across the country, strengthen the ability of farming communities to adapt to climate and economic shocks, and improve conditions for both agricultural production and post-harvest marketing. These targeted infrastructure investments are framed as long-term strategies to boost food security across rural Haiti by cutting waste, connecting producers to markets, and supporting sustainable local economic growth.

  • Haiti’s Contribution to the History of Humanity

    Haiti’s Contribution to the History of Humanity

    In early September, Haiti’s Embassy in France partnered with the Diplomatic and Consular Academy of France’s Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs to host a multi-day event series celebrating Haiti’s impact on world history, as part of the second edition of the academy’s signature “The Making of Diplomacy” initiative. Held across September 5 and 6, the gathering brought together scholars, diplomats, and culture enthusiasts for three core components: an academic roundtable, an interactive dance workshop, and a beginner’s session on Haitian Creole. The event’s central mission was to reframe public understanding of Haiti, pushing back against one-dimensional narratives that often reduce the Caribbean nation to crisis and overlook its foundational contributions to global progress.

  • Leisure : Did you know ? #57

    Leisure : Did you know ? #57

    In the latest installment of HaitiLibre’s popular twice-weekly general knowledge series “Did You Know?”, published September 9, 2026, readers are invited to uncover a little-remembered chapter of Haiti’s colonial history: the story of the former capital of Saint-Domingue that once earned the nickname “Paris of the Antilles.”

    By the 18th century, the coastal city of Cap-Français—today known as Cap-Haïtien—had emerged as the beating economic, cultural and social heart of the French colony of Saint-Domingue. Tucked along Haiti’s northern shore, the bustling port served as the primary exit point for cargo ships loaded with the colony’s valuable export goods bound for European markets. Its carefully planned street grid, striking elegant architecture, opulent stone-built mansions, vibrant theatrical scene, and nonstop social calendar quickly earned it a reputation as one of the most glamorous settlements in the Caribbean, leading to its enduring “Paris of the Antilles” moniker.

    Wealthy colonial planters and elite merchant families flaunted extravagant lifestyles in the city, their levels of luxury matching and even rivaling those of the most prominent upper classes in major European capitals. Though Port-au-Prince was officially designated the colony’s administrative capital in 1749, Cap-Français never lost its standing as the most iconic symbol of the material and cultural wealth generated by Saint-Domingue’s colonial economy. Today, this historical detail remains a fascinating window into Haiti’s pre-independence past.

    This historical trivia is sourced from the answer fact sheets included with HaitiLibre’s Quiz-HaitiLibre series, a free interactive knowledge platform designed to help users explore topics spanning Haitian history, global current events and more. The platform recently expanded its offerings as part of its monthly September 2026 update: 30 new quiz games were added on September 1, pushing the total number of available quizzes to 240, with new content added every month going forward.

    Unlike many online quiz platforms, all Quiz-HaitiLibre content is 100% free to access and requires no user registration to play. Quizzes are built to suit all experience levels, with three adjustable difficulty tiers—easy, intermediate, and expert—and all content is offered in both French and English. Users looking for more challenging content can access specialized topics through the platform’s “Expert” menu. The site also invites players to share the platform with friends and family, and submit feedback and suggestions via a form included at the end of every quiz. For creators, the platform frames unanswered questions not as failures, but as opportunities to learn new facts and expand one’s general knowledge.

  • Raina Forbin calls on Africa to mobilize around Haiti

    Raina Forbin calls on Africa to mobilize around Haiti

    Against the backdrop of ongoing crisis and fragility in Haiti, the country’s top diplomat has made a urgent call for collective action from African nations and the wider international community to back Haiti’s core national priorities. Speaking at a UN-hosted ministerial gathering in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia on Tuesday, September 9, 2026, Haitian Foreign Minister Raina Forbin used the mid-term review conference for the Doha Development Agenda for Least Developed Countries (LDCs) as a platform to amplify Haiti’s specific needs and deepen its strategic partnership with the African continent.

    The high-level meeting, organized by the United Nations Office of the High Representative for Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States, was designed to assess progress on development commitments for the world’s most vulnerable nations, creating an ideal opportunity for Haiti to bring its urgent challenges to the forefront of global discussion among LDC stakeholders.

    In her keynote address to the assembled delegates, Forbin underlined that lasting security and institutional stability are non-negotiable prerequisites for Haiti to meet the development goals laid out in the Doha Development Agenda. Without foundational progress on security, she argued, no meaningful long-term development or democratic advancement can take root in the country.

    Against that framework, the foreign minister issued a clear call for African states and the entire international community to step up coordinated action aligned with Haiti’s national priorities: resolving the acute security crisis, holding inclusive democratic elections, and kickstarting broad-based economic recovery. She highlighted that solidarity from African nations has already made an tangible difference, specifically commending Chad, Sierra Leone, and Côte d’Ivoire for their existing commitments to support Haiti through the multinational Gang Suppression Force (GSF).

    Forbin pressed for two key next steps to move the security mission forward: a renewal of the GSF’s mandate, and the rapid, full deployment of all planned personnel and assets to the country. Beyond deployment, she emphasized that the force urgently needs sustained international commitments of the financial, logistical, and operational resources required to carry out its counter-gang stabilization mission effectively.

    Looking beyond the immediate security emergency, Forbin also called for a reimagining of global financing mechanisms for crisis-affected fragile states. She argued that current financing frameworks often fail to meet Haiti’s unique context, and new instruments are needed that can simultaneously support short-term stabilization, bridge the gap between humanitarian response and long-term economic growth, and drive sustained development outcomes.

    Forbin framed the Addis Ababa meeting as a critical milestone in strengthening the decades-long strategic alliance between Haiti and the African continent, and in advancing Haiti’s interests within the global LDC community. She noted that Haiti and Africa share deep historical ties, and that this shared legacy should now be leveraged as a foundation for mutual solidarity, regional and cross-continental stability, and inclusive development for all.

  • The UN calls for an investigation into the deaths of migrants in US detention and demands a halt to deportations to Haiti

    The UN calls for an investigation into the deaths of migrants in US detention and demands a halt to deportations to Haiti

    At the opening of a new session of the UN Human Rights Council held in Geneva on September 7, 2026, Volker Türk, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, delivered a landmark appeal targeting critical gaps in U.S. immigration policy. His statement centered on two urgent demands: a full, transparent independent investigation into the 23 migrant deaths recorded in U.S. immigration detention facilities since the start of the year, and an immediate moratorium on all deportations of migrants to crisis-stricken Haiti, over fears of irreversible harm to returnees.

    Türk made a direct, formal appeal to the U.S. federal government, stressing that every fatality inside the national immigration system requires a complete, unobscured probe, and that those responsible for any negligence or abuse must face accountability. “The families of these deceased migrants have an inalienable right to the full truth about what happened to their loved ones, and they deserve clear, unambiguous answers from U.S. authorities,” he emphasized to the assembled council.

    The call follows a recent UN tally confirming 23 migrant deaths in U.S. detention in 2026 to date. Türk made clear that the UN’s demand goes far beyond the limited internal probes typically conducted by U.S. agencies, requiring full public transparency into both the inhumane conditions that many detainees face and the specific administrative decisions that contributed to each death. “There must be accountability for these deaths, no exceptions,” Türk stated firmly from the Geneva assembly floor.

    Beyond the investigation into detention fatalities, the High Commissioner called for an immediate halt to all deportations to any nation where returnees face a documented risk of severe harm, naming Haiti as an urgent and explicit example. He underlined that any deportation to a third country must undergo strict, full due process assessments, and must be called off if even a credible risk of irreversible harm exists. “I urge the United States to stop returning people to places where they could suffer irreparable harm, including Haiti, and to ensure that due process is followed for all deportations to third countries,” he reiterated.

    Türk’s intervention comes amid growing international and domestic scrutiny of U.S. immigration policy, particularly around the treatment of asylum seekers and other people seeking international protection. The UN has repeatedly reminded the U.S. that deportation processes cannot put any individual at heightened risk of violence, poverty, or death.

    In addition to these core demands, Türk also raised sharp questions about a recently proposed plan to arm U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents with electric shock gloves. He warned that the adoption of such dangerous, forceful tools would inevitably lead to an increase in violence and human rights abuses during immigration enforcement operations.

    Türk’s full statement acts as a formal reminder that all nation states are bound by international human rights obligations to prevent abuse against migrants in detention and during enforcement. The intervention has significantly ramped up international pressure on the Biden administration to address longstanding concerns over detention conditions, deportation procedures, and excessive use of force by immigration authorities.

  • Insecurity : Young female police officer killed in the line of duty

    Insecurity : Young female police officer killed in the line of duty

    Haiti’s national security crisis has claimed another life of a public servant, after a 2025 graduate of the Haitian National Police (PNH) was fatally shot in a targeted ambush by heavily armed gang members earlier this week.

    Officer Saint Jour Queturah, a first-class officer assigned to the Departmental Order and Intervention Brigade (BOID), was killed on Sunday, September 6, 2026, while her unit was conducting routine patrol operations through the Bercy region, a contested corridor between the coastal towns of Cabaret and Arcahaie. The area has been labeled a high-tension hotspot in recent months, as the Canaan criminal gang coalition repeatedly launches incursions into the territory in a bid to expand their territorial control, which has already displaced thousands of local residents.

    According to PNH official statements, unidentified heavily armed assailants opened deliberate fire on the police unit as it traveled along the strategic road, striking Saint Jour in the head. Fellow officers immediately rushed the wounded 34th Training Class graduate to the nearest medical facility, Saintard Reformed Hospital, but medical teams were unable to save her life.

    In a formal statement released following the incident, PNH leadership mourned the loss of the young officer, who had only served the Haitian people for a little more than 18 months since graduating from the police academy in January 2025. The department described Saint Jour’s death as a devastating blow not only to her biological family and close friends, but also to her BOID teammates, fellow graduates of the 34th Class, and the entire PNH community.

    The statement honored Saint Jour’s courage, commitment to public service, and ultimate sacrifice in the line of duty. “The PNH pays its deepest respects to the memory of Officer 1st Class Saint Jour Queturah,” the release read. “In this moment of profound grief, we extend our sincerest condolences to her family, loved ones, and all colleagues who served alongside her. We pledge to stand with her family through this unimaginable loss, and to provide ongoing support as they navigate this difficult time.” The department closed its statement by affirming that Saint Jour’s sacrifice would never be forgotten, ending with a message of rest for the fallen officer: “Rest in Peace, Officer 1st Class Saint Jour Queturah.”

    The killing comes amid a years-long surge in gang-related violence and insecurity across Haiti, which has seen heavily armed criminal groups seize control of large swathes of territory outside the capital Port-au-Prince, targeting security personnel and civilians in a bid to consolidate power. As of 2026, the United Nations estimates that more than 2,000 people have been killed in gang-related violence in Haiti since the start of the year, with hundreds of police officers among the casualties.

  • National Forum on the Modernization and Consolidation of the Pension System in Haiti

    National Forum on the Modernization and Consolidation of the Pension System in Haiti

    Haiti’s National Old-Age Insurance Office (ONA) has formally announced an upcoming three-day national forum dedicated to overhauling and strengthening the country’s general pension system, scheduled to run September 16 through 18, 2026 at Port-au-Prince’s Karibe Convention Center.

    Against a backdrop of persistent structural economic and social challenges, the gathering will convene a diverse cross-section of stakeholders, including leading local and international policy experts, social partnership representatives, private sector leaders, labor union delegates, and senior public institution officials. The core mission of the event is to drive collaborative, evidence-based reflection on the systemic changes needed to align Haiti’s pension framework with the country’s evolving economic, social, and demographic realities.

    Haiti’s current pension system faces a cascade of pressing pressures: shifting dynamics in the national labor market, an oversize informal employment sector that leaves most workers without coverage, widespread income instability, and growing strains from demographic change. In response, ONA has organized the forum to create an open, inclusive space for dialogue and consultation focused on laying the groundwork for a retirement system that is more accessible, fair, and financially viable over the long term.

    A key feature of the discussions will be the inclusion of actionable insights and case studies from peer nations across Latin America and the Caribbean. By centering the lessons learned from regional pension reform efforts, participants will work to identify evidence-based best practices that can be adapted to fit Haiti’s unique economic, social, and institutional context, rather than adopting one-size-fits-all policies ill-suited to local needs.

    Key agenda items for the forum include expanding overall social security coverage across the population, designing pathways for the gradual integration of workers in the informal sector into the formal pension system, shoring up the long-term financial sustainability of the system, upgrading the quality of services delivered to beneficiaries, modernizing outdated administrative and management systems, and establishing clear mechanisms to rebuild public trust in the national pension program.

    In a statement accompanying the forum announcement, Lovely François, Director General of ONA, framed pension reform as an intergenerational responsibility rather than just a short-term policy priority. “Retirement should not be viewed solely as a benefit to be guaranteed today. It represents a commitment of solidarity to present and future generations,” François said. “Through this Forum, we want to foster a responsible, open, and constructive national dialogue, capable of generating concrete guidelines for gradually building a more modern, inclusive, equitable, and sustainable pension system, adapted to the realities of our country.”

    Following the conclusion of the three-day event, ONA will synthesize discussions and input from all participating stakeholders to develop a set of concrete policy guidelines and actionable recommendations. These outputs will be used to inform future legislative and administrative discussions and decisions focused on strengthening the overall pension system and expanding social protection coverage for all insured Haitian workers.