分类： politics

On Tuesday, the Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda passed a landmark resolution that grants the national government conditional authority to continue negotiations with the United States regarding potential third-country national transfers, while embedding a 12-point framework that secures the Caribbean nation full and final discretion over whether to accept any individual proposed for transfer.

Tabled by Prime Minister Gaston Browne following a full day of parliamentary debate, the resolution explicitly clarifies that the vote does not greenlight any finalized agreement with the U.S., nor does it approve the transfer of any person to Antigua and Barbuda. Instead, it sets binding strict conditions for ongoing talks that prioritize protecting the small nation’s sovereignty, national security, legal commitments and core financial interests.

Under the principles ratified by lawmakers, the government may proceed with discussions with Washington in a spirit of bilateral friendship and cooperation, but all negotiations must center the sovereignty, domestic laws, security, infrastructure capacity and national priorities of Antigua and Barbuda. The resolution firmly rejects any permanent, automatic or open-ended program that would allow the U.S. to transfer a pre-determined number of third-country nationals to the country. Every potential transfer must undergo individual assessment and receive explicit prior approval from the Antigua and Barbuda government before moving forward.

Additional safeguards limit potential transfers to a number that the government confirms the country can responsibly accommodate, with considerations for public resource limits, national security, compliance with domestic and international law, available funding and the nation’s overall absorptive capacity. Before any individual can be accepted, the U.S. must provide full, verifiable information on the person’s identity and suitability for entry. Binding written agreements must also be finalized covering documentation, funding, accommodation, legal status and long-term responsibility for each individual. The government retains the unconditional right to deny entry to anyone with incomplete or inaccurate documentation, and requires the U.S. to arrange immediate repatriation at no cost to Antigua and Barbuda.

The resolution further mandates that all costs tied to any future arrangement—including accommodation, healthcare, security, administrative overhead and any onward movement or repatriation—must be covered by pre-agreed U.S. funding, ensuring that Antigua and Barbuda taxpayers bear no financial burden. It also preserves the government’s right to suspend or end any arrangement at any time if it deems the move necessary to protect national sovereignty, security, domestic laws or national interests. In a final clarifying provision, the resolution confirms that its passage does not equal parliamentary approval for any draft operating procedures currently under discussion, and does not independently authorize any transfers.

Speaking in support of the resolution, Prime Minister Browne framed the framework as a way to establish “clear principles and safeguards” that allow the country to continue negotiating with the U.S. without compromising its national independence. “It affirms that Antigua and Barbuda retains complete sovereign discretion. It requires full vetting, full funding, complete documentation and clear legal status for any person who may be considered. It preserves our right to suspend or terminate any arrangement should circumstances warrant,” Browne told Parliament.

The prime minister emphasized that the government had deliberately struck a careful balance between protecting the nation’s sovereignty and maintaining its critical bilateral relationship with the United States. “We value our friendships, but we also value our independence and the quality of life of our people,” he said. “Cooperation must be fair. Cooperation has to be balanced and it must be consistent with our national interests.”

During debate, Browne reiterated that Antigua and Barbuda would accept U.S.-imposed visa restrictions rather than agree to accept convicted criminals into the country. “If we were faced with an option of not taking criminals and to have visa restrictions, we’ll go for the visa restrictions because accepting criminals will destroy our country,” he stated. He added that any future consideration would be limited exclusively to individuals whose only violation relates to immigration or visa rules. Browne also disclosed that the nation intends to request up to $75 million USD per individual accepted under any eventual agreement, arguing that Antigua and Barbuda’s higher cost of living justifies greater financial compensation than that offered to other participating countries.

Attorney General Sir Steadroy Benjamin told lawmakers that the resolution should not be misinterpreted as approval of a final deal, as no such agreement has been finalized. “The White Paper is not presented as a complete agreement, nor is this House being asked to approve a conclusive operating agreement. None exists,” Benjamin said. He explained that Parliament’s role here is to set core negotiating principles for the executive branch, while leaving detailed talks to the government.

Benjamin also revealed that between March 2025 and June 2026, Antigua and Barbuda accepted five of its own citizens deported by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, noting that this legal obligation to repatriate one’s own nationals is fundamentally different from accepting citizens of third countries. “Every nation has a duty to receive its own citizens,” he said, adding that no similar international obligation exists for third-country nationals.

Foreign Affairs Minister E.P. Chet Greene defended the government’s choice to engage in talks with Washington, arguing that willingness to listen to a proposal should not be mistaken for unconditional acceptance. “We engage because responsible governments do,” Greene said. “They do not make important decisions in ignorance. They do not refuse to listen before they know what is being proposed. And they do not confuse engagement with agreement.”

Greene added that Antigua and Barbuda has already rejected key elements of the original U.S. proposal because they failed to adequately protect the nation’s interests. Rather than cutting off talks entirely, the government submitted extensive counterproposals that narrowed the eligible categories of people that could be considered, reduced the proposed maximum number of transfers, strengthened documentation requirements, and required the U.S. to take on full financial responsibility for any arrangement. “That is not capitulation. That is negotiation. That is the essence, the true form, of diplomacy,” Greene said. He also praised the nation’s U.S.-based Ambassador Sir Ronald Sanders for leading negotiations in Washington under Browne’s direction, noting that Sanders had firmly defended Antigua and Barbuda’s legal, financial and security interests throughout the process.

Tourism Minister Charles Fernandez urged Parliament to consider the broader economic implications of the negotiations, noting that the government cannot ignore Antigua and Barbuda’s heavy reliance on the U.S. as its primary source of tourism revenue. Fernandez explained that tourism accounts for roughly 60 to 65 percent of the nation’s total gross domestic product, and warned that any major breakdown in relations with Washington could carry severe economic consequences. “If we lose our tourism, 60, 65 percent of GDP [would go] down the drain,” he said. Framing the issue as a delicate “balancing act”, Fernandez noted that the government is seeking an arrangement that protects the nation’s dignity and sovereignty, while also safeguarding the tourism industry and the thousands of local livelihoods that depend on it.

Not all parliamentary members supported the resolution. Barbuda MP Trevor Walker argued that Antigua and Barbuda is negotiating from a position of weakness due to existing U.S. visa restrictions, and questioned whether the nation has sufficient leverage to secure a favorable deal. “Antigua and Barbuda don’t have no cards,” Walker claimed, while calling for broader public consultation and a unified collective position from the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) on the issue. He also questioned why Parliament received an unsigned draft memorandum rather than a finalized agreement, and urged the government to provide more public context around the existing U.S. visa restrictions affecting citizens of Antigua and Barbuda.

Government representatives rejected these criticisms, noting that negotiations have already resulted in substantial revisions to the original U.S. proposal. The resolution, they argued, gives the government a clear parliamentary mandate while locking in full sovereign control over any final decision. With the resolution now formally adopted, the Browne administration has authority to proceed with talks, but any eventual agreement must remain aligned with the 12 principles approved by Parliament. These non-negotiable terms include individual case-by-case approval, full government discretion, 100 percent U.S. funding, binding written legal safeguards, and the permanent right of Antigua and Barbuda to reject, suspend or terminate any arrangement whenever it determines the move serves the national interest.

The future of Antigua and Barbuda’s high-stakes Citizenship by Investment Programme (CIP) hangs in the balance, as Prime Minister Gaston Browne has opened the door to a potential full suspension of the scheme if ongoing visa restrictions tied to the initiative continue to hamper the nation’s international access.

Delivering his remarks before the country’s Parliament on Tuesday, Browne framed the issue as a defining national choice that requires open, inclusive discussion from all sectors of Antiguan and Barbudan society. At its core, the debate pits two critical national priorities against one another: maintaining the valuable visa-free travel access that Antiguan and Barbudan citizens currently enjoy to the United States and the European Union, versus preserving the CIP, which has become a major source of government revenue for the small island nation.

Browne’s statement comes in direct response to recent regulatory moves from major global blocs. The European Commission has formally ordered Antigua to phase out its CIP entirely by June 1, 2028, under newly implemented visa suspension rules. For its part, the United States has already named the CIP as one of the justifications for imposing restrictions on specific visa categories for Antiguan travelers, creating immediate tangible impacts that the government cannot ignore.

In a move to build broad consensus around the final decision, Browne confirmed that the national government has launched formal consultations with key industry and civil society stakeholders across the country. The administration aims to solidify a shared position on the programme’s future within a matter of weeks. Browne also noted that he intends to introduce a standalone parliamentary resolution to open a full formal debate on the next steps for the scheme. Closing his remarks, Browne issued a direct challenge to the parliamentary opposition, urging lawmakers to put forward constructive policy solutions instead of limiting their participation to criticism of the existing CIP framework.

In a landmark ruling that has drawn attention to the standards of evidence in criminal prosecutions, a High Court judge has dismissed the entire murder case against Dexter Scotland, after ruling in favor of a defense no-case submission. The case centered on the fatal shooting of Jahfari Isaac, with Scotland arguing from the outset that the killing was an act of legitimate self-defense.

Justice Ann Marie Smith, who presided over the trial, delivered a clear judgment that the prosecution team led by the Crown failed to meet the legal threshold required to disprove Scotland’s self-defense claim. In her written ruling, Justice Smith emphasized that the available evidence presented in court had properly raised the question of self-defense, and the prosecution had not successfully demonstrated that the killing was an unlawful act.

The defense’s core argument held that Scotland opened fire on Isaac only after forming a genuine reasonable belief that his life was in immediate danger: Scotland claimed Isaac appeared to be reaching for a concealed firearm, leaving him no option but to act to protect himself.

Beyond the failure to disprove self-defense, Justice Smith also pointed to multiple critical shortcomings in the prosecution’s evidence. These gaps include the complete absence of professional ballistics analysis to link the weapon to the shooting, as well as gunshot residue test results that could not be independently verified or confirmed to meet evidentiary standards.

Following the judge’s dismissal of the case, prosecution officials have publicly confirmed they intend to challenge the ruling through an appeal process, setting the stage for further legal proceedings over the fatal shooting.

On Tuesday, Antigua and Barbuda’s Foreign Affairs Minister E.P. Chet Greene stood before Parliament to push back against growing domestic criticism of the Caribbean nation’s ongoing negotiations with the United States over a potential third-country national transfer agreement, framing the diplomatic process as an act of proactive sovereignty protection rather than a surrender of national independence.

The minister’s address came during parliamentary debate over a government resolution laying out core guiding principles for any final deal with Washington. Greene emphasized that responsible governing demands full assessment of proposals before rendering judgment, rejecting calls for the administration to dismiss the U.S. initiative outright before any talks had concluded. “We engage because responsible governments do,” Greene stated. “They do not make important decisions in ignorance. They do not refuse to listen before they know what is being proposed. And they do not confuse engagement with agreement.”

Greene stressed that the negotiations carry stakes far beyond routine immigration policy, framing the discussions as a defining test of how a small, independent state navigates proposals from a major global ally that touch on core national interests. “This debate is not simply about immigration. Neither is it about the United States of America. It’s about something fundamentally much bigger,” he told lawmakers. “It’s about how Antigua and Barbuda, as a small independent nation, responds when a close and powerful neighbour and friend asks something that raises serious questions for our own sovereignty, our laws, our security and our future.”

In a push to build cross-parliamentary consensus, Greene urged legislators to set aside partisan divides, arguing that matters of national sovereignty and foreign policy transcend party politics. “When questions arise that touch the sovereignty of our country, our immigration policy, international obligations and the welfare of our people, our first duty is not to any political party. It must be to Antigua and Barbuda,” he said.

Rejecting repeated claims that talks have already eroded the nation’s independence, Greene reaffirmed Antigua and Barbuda’s status as a fully sovereign equal in the global community, regardless of its small geographic size. “We are a sovereign nation,” he declared. “Small in size, equal in dignity. Our flag carries exactly the same worth and legal standing in the community of nations as does the flag of any larger state.”

At the same time, Greene acknowledged the structural inequalities that shape global diplomacy, noting that small states must navigate uneven economic and political influence while prioritizing national interests. “The responsibility of government is not to complain about that reality. It is to navigate it wisely,” he explained. “That means protecting our sovereignty without isolating ourselves, maintaining our friendships without compromising our principles, working with our partners without surrendering our judgment.”

Against criticism that the government should have publicly rejected the proposal from the start, Greene argued that substantive diplomacy relies on quiet negotiation rather than performative political rhetoric. “Leadership is not measured by how loudly a government speaks. It is measured by how well it protects the interests of its people,” he said. Outlining the government’s process to date, he added: “We listened, we examined every proposal, we took legal advice, we consulted officials, we assessed the implications, and when we concluded that important parts of the proposal were not in Antigua and Barbuda’s best interest, we simply rejected them.”

Throughout all discussions with U.S. officials, Greene confirmed the government has held firm to five non-negotiable core principles designed to protect national interests: rejecting any permanent standing transfer program, retaining full sovereign discretion to approve or reject each individual case, shielding the country from all legal, financial, and security risks, ensuring Antigua and Barbuda taxpayers never bear costs stemming from U.S. immigration policy, and securing reciprocal benefits from any final arrangement.

Greene also moved to dispel widespread public misconceptions about a non-binding memorandum of understanding signed with the U.S. in December 2025. “The memorandum did not commit Antigua and Barbuda to receive a single person. It did not establish a programme. It did not create a legal obligation,” he stressed, noting the document only opens the door for further discussion and preserves the nation’s full right to decide each case independently.

According to Greene, the administration already rejected the original U.S. draft operating procedures because they failed to meet the cabinet’s core requirements. The initial U.S. proposal included expedited removal processes for transfers, allowed for up to 10 transfers per month, and failed to adequately resolve questions of legal liability and financial responsibility. Rather than ending diplomatic discussions entirely, the government responded with its own detailed counterproposals that enforce stronger protections for Antigua and Barbuda. “We did not simply criticise. We did not simply complain. We put forward our own proposals,” Greene said. “We said instead, if this matter is to go any further, these are the conditions that must protect Antigua and Barbuda.”

The minister also praised the work of Antigua and Barbuda’s Ambassador to the U.S., Sir Ronald Sanders, who has led negotiations in Washington under the direction of Prime Minister Gaston Browne. Greene noted that Sanders systematically reviewed every U.S. proposal, flagged unresolved legal and security concerns, and consistently defended the nation’s interests in talks with senior American officials. “He did not yield where the national interest required firmness,” Greene said.

Among the key adjustments the government has demanded are strict eligibility limits: only individuals with final removal orders would be considered, people with criminal records beyond minor immigration offenses would be excluded, unaccompanied minors and asylum seekers with pending claims would be barred, full documentation must be provided before any decision is made, and the U.S. must assume all financial obligations in writing before any transfer can proceed. Additionally, the government rejected the U.S. proposal of up to 10 transfers per month, countering with a cap of no more than 10 total transfers across the entire 2026 calendar year, with any extension requiring a full national review of the arrangement.

Greene emphasized that these revisions make clear the government has negotiated from a position of principle, not weakness. “We changed the framework. We set safeguards. We narrowed the categories. We reduced the numbers. We insisted upon complete information. We insisted upon complete funding,” he said. “That is not capitulation. That is negotiation. That is the essence, the true form, of diplomacy.”

Closing his address to Parliament, Greene reaffirmed that while Antigua and Barbuda deeply values its longstanding bilateral relationship with the United States, the nation will never compromise its core sovereignty. “Antigua and Barbuda’s sovereignty is not negotiable. It never has been. It never will be,” he said. “Our friendships are valuable and will be cherished, but genuine friendship is built on mutual respect.”