China is systematically reviving its rich technological heritage from centuries past to address contemporary societal challenges and bolster sustainable economic growth. At the center of this initiative is the 17th-century masterwork ‘Tiangong Kaiwu’ (The Revelation of Heavenly Works), authored by Ming Dynasty scholar Song Yingxing (1587–1666). This comprehensive technological encyclopedia—one of the world’s earliest and most detailed—documents over 200 techniques spanning agriculture, metallurgy, ceramics, textiles, printing, and hydraulic engineering.
The recent Tiangong Kaiwu Forum in Beijing, themed ‘Decoding Industrial Genetics, Building a Shared Tech Future’, highlighted how this historical knowledge is being integrated into modern industrial and environmental applications. The text’s detailed illustrations and systematic explanations of craft and production methods are now inspiring innovations in fields ranging from advanced materials to renewable energy.
For instance, traditional ceramic techniques described in the book now inform the production of technical ceramics used in electronics, medical implants, and environmental technologies. Similarly, historical metallurgical methods are being adapted to develop stronger, lighter, and more sustainable materials essential for transportation and construction.
Hydraulic systems and mechanical pumps detailed by Song Yingxing are now foundational to modern small-scale irrigation and hydroelectric projects, supporting China’s investments in sustainable energy and efficient agriculture. The government is actively promoting research and corporate initiatives that draw on such traditional knowledge to advance carbon neutrality and high-value green manufacturing.
Beyond domestic applications, the revival of Tiangong Kaiwu is reshaping global perceptions of technological history, emphasizing China’s longstanding role in scientific progress. By bridging ancient wisdom with modern innovation, China is positioning itself as a key player in the global transition toward a sustainable and technologically advanced future.