分类： health

Breast health is often perceived as a concern primarily for adult women, particularly those in their 30s and 40s. However, Dr. Rajen Rampaul, a renowned breast oncologist and reconstructive surgeon, emphasizes that awareness should begin much earlier—even in childhood. As the medical director at Pink Hibiscus Breast Health Specialists, Dr. Rampaul has dedicated decades to breast care and cancer treatment, advocating for a proactive approach to breast wellness. He explains that breast development in young girls, typically between ages eight and 15, is a natural part of puberty. During this period, the emergence of the breast bud, often accompanied by discomfort or pain, is a common occurrence. While these changes can cause concern among parents and young girls, Dr. Rampaul reassures that they are almost always normal and not indicative of health problems. Breast cancer, he stresses, is extraordinarily rare in this age group, with medical literature recording only isolated cases worldwide. Instead, the most common breast condition among adolescents is fibroadenoma—a benign lump that is non-cancerous and rarely a cause for concern. Dr. Rampaul underscores the importance of education and reassurance for both parents and young girls. He recommends consulting a doctor when unusual symptoms arise, not because cancer is likely, but to provide clarity and peace of mind. Ultrasound is the preferred imaging tool for this age group, as it is safe, painless, and free from radiation risks. Hormonal changes during puberty are the primary drivers of breast development and related discomforts. Conditions like polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) can also influence breast health, causing pain and lumpiness due to erratic hormonal cycles. While family history plays a significant role in assessing breast cancer risk in adults, Dr. Rampaul assures that genetics are not a factor during puberty. He advocates for schools and communities to play a pivotal role in promoting breast-health awareness, focusing on normal development and benign conditions rather than instilling fear. Early education, he believes, empowers girls to grow into confident, informed women who are unafraid to take charge of their health.

The importance of diet in cancer prevention, treatment, and recovery is increasingly supported by scientific evidence, according to surgical oncologist Dr. Rajen Rampaul. He highlights that dietary choices not only reduce cancer risk and recurrence but also play a pivotal role in overall health. Regulatory bodies, such as the International Agency for Research on Cancer, have classified certain foods, particularly red meat, as class-one carcinogens, linking them to colorectal and breast cancers. Dr. Rampaul warns against misleading online information about anti-cancer diets and supplements, emphasizing the need for evidence-based medical guidance. He advocates for whole, plant-based diets, such as the Mediterranean or vegetarian patterns, which are associated with longer, healthier lives. Anti-oestrogen foods like soy, beans, spinach, flax seeds, and turmeric are particularly beneficial. Conversely, foods that promote a high-oestrogen environment may increase cancer recurrence risk and should be minimized. Dr. Rampaul also underscores the benefits of fasting, citing a 2020 study that showed intermittent fasting boosts the immune system. He advises avoiding animal proteins and saturated fats, which contribute to inflammation and elevated cancer risk. Smoking and alcohol should also be eliminated to reduce cancer risk. For patients undergoing treatment, Dr. Rampaul emphasizes the importance of pre-habilitation—enhancing nutritional status before treatment begins. He recommends prescribed protein supplements, protein-enriched drinks, and a balanced intake of vitamins and minerals. Hydration is crucial, with a daily intake of at least three liters of water recommended. Post-treatment nutrition should focus on rebuilding strength, maintaining a healthy weight, and reducing recurrence risk through balanced, evidence-based dietary choices. Dr. Rampaul encourages patients to work with dietitians to adapt these principles to local cuisine, ensuring dietary changes are practical and enjoyable. He concludes that adopting a whole-grain, plant-based diet, avoiding processed foods and red meat, and staying hydrated are simple yet powerful steps toward sustained wellness after cancer treatment.

Michelle Clement, a dedicated police officer for 15 years, faced a life-altering moment in October 2022 when she was diagnosed with stage 4, grade 2 invasive lobular carcinoma, a form of breast cancer that had spread to both breasts and her lymph nodes. The news initially plunged her into fear and uncertainty, but Clement chose to lean on her faith and resilience to fight the disease. ‘The first thought that came to my mind was that I was going to die and leave my family behind,’ she recounted. However, she made a conscious decision to choose hope over despair, reminding herself that her faith in God was stronger than any medical diagnosis. Clement’s cancer was hormone receptor-positive, which opened up treatment options that have helped slow the progression of the disease and improve her quality of life. For her, every day is now a victory, and she celebrates small milestones with gratitude. Physically, the treatments have been grueling, leaving her tired, weak, and nauseous. Emotionally, she struggled with the thought of her family’s future without her. Yet, spiritually, she found strength in her faith, holding onto the belief that God’s strength is made perfect in her weakness. Clement’s journey has brought her closer to her family, especially her daughters, Clay-Ann and Chloe, who have been her pillars of support. Clay-Ann, 18, and Chloe, 21, have both been inspired by their mother’s courage and resilience. ‘She is, without a doubt, one of the strongest people I’ve ever known,’ Chloe said. Clement hopes her story will encourage others to prioritize regular screenings and early detection. ‘Cancer is not a death sentence,’ she emphasized. ‘Even at stage 4, you can still live a full, meaningful, and joyful life.’ She urges families facing similar challenges to stay positive, do their research, and surround themselves with uplifting people. Clement dreams of a future where cancer has a cure and looks forward to seeing her children graduate, get married, and start families of their own. Her message to women during Breast Cancer Awareness Month is clear: ‘Cancer is a word, not the end of your story.’

Furillo Narine, a 39-year-old from Couva, Trinidad, never imagined that a small lump in his chest would change his life forever. Initially dismissing it as insignificant, it was only after a playful moment with his son and his wife’s insistence that he sought medical advice. In August 2022, Narine was diagnosed with stage 2 breast cancer, a condition he didn’t believe could affect men. His disbelief turned to shock when the diagnosis escalated to stage 3A after the cancer spread to his lymph nodes. Undergoing surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and hormone therapy, Narine’s battle was grueling. The emotional toll of losing his hair and a near-fatal sepsis episode during his final chemotherapy session marked the darkest moments of his journey. Yet, through it all, his wife Joanne Sinanansingh remained his pillar of strength. Post-recovery, Narine left his corporate career to start his own business, The Mac Man TT, focusing on online sales and tech support. More importantly, he prioritized his health and family, reclaiming precious moments with his loved ones. Narine now uses his story to raise awareness that breast cancer is not exclusive to women, urging men to seek medical attention if they notice unusual symptoms. His journey is a testament to resilience, love, and the importance of redefining life’s priorities.

In a landmark move toward social justice and inclusion, Prime Minister Kamla Persad-Bissessar has announced the establishment of a Jaipur Foot Artificial Limb Fitment Centre in Trinidad and Tobago (TT). This initiative, unveiled during a ceremony at the Diplomatic Centre in St. Ann’s on October 3, underscores the government’s commitment to restoring independence and dignity to individuals with disabilities. The Jaipur Foot Organisation, renowned globally for its cost-effective and innovative prosthetic solutions, has already transformed millions of lives worldwide. By bringing this model to TT, the nation takes a significant step toward ensuring free, world-class prosthetic services for its citizens. This project transcends healthcare, embodying a broader vision of equity and social participation. It aligns with the Equal Opportunity Commission’s (EOC) mandate to combat discrimination and promote equal opportunities for all, particularly for those with disabilities, who are protected under the Equal Opportunity Act. The centre will not only provide medical support but also empower individuals to rejoin the workforce, pursue education, and engage fully in their communities. The initiative’s far-reaching benefits include economic empowerment, emotional well-being, and national development, as restored mobility enables individuals to contribute meaningfully to society. The project is a testament to international collaboration, with the TT government partnering with India’s government and the Jaipur Foot Organisation. This partnership emphasizes sustainability through knowledge transfer and local capacity building. The EOC lauds this effort as part of a broader national strategy to foster inclusion, urging employers and educational institutions to embrace accessibility and diversity. The establishment of the Jaipur Foot Centre is a moral and national achievement, reflecting TT’s commitment to treating its most vulnerable members with dignity and respect. It serves as a reminder that investing in people’s potential strengthens the nation’s future. The EOC encourages citizens to celebrate this progress while continuing to address challenges to ensure every individual in TT has the opportunity to thrive.

Breast reconstruction is more than a medical procedure; it is a transformative journey toward restoring normalcy and self-assurance for women who have undergone breast cancer surgery. Dr. Rajen Rampaul, a leading breast oncologist and reconstructive surgeon in Trinidad and Tobago (TT), has been at the forefront of oncoplastic surgery, a specialized field that integrates cancer treatment with reconstructive techniques. This approach not only helps women survive breast cancer but also reclaim their sense of identity and confidence.

Breast reconstruction encompasses a wide range of surgical interventions aimed at restoring the breast’s natural form or appearance. While it is commonly associated with women who have had part or all of a breast removed due to cancer, it also benefits individuals with congenital abnormalities or underdeveloped breasts. Dr. Rampaul emphasized that reconstructive surgery differs fundamentally from cosmetic surgery, as the former focuses on restoring normalcy after injury, disease, or abnormal development, rather than altering what is already normal.

In TT, over 95% of breast reconstruction cases are linked to breast cancer, with the remaining 5% addressing congenital issues. Dr. Rampaul has pioneered various techniques, including oncoplastic surgery, autologous fat grafting, and free flap deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) breast reconstruction. These methods allow for a combined approach that restores both form and function, tailored to the patient’s specific needs.

The timing of reconstruction—whether immediate, delayed, or immediate-delayed—depends on factors such as cancer type, stage, and the need for radiation therapy. Dr. Rampaul highlighted that physical activity levels also influence the choice of reconstruction method. For instance, highly active women may not be ideal candidates for latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction due to potential loss of back strength. Similarly, gym enthusiasts may experience “animation” of implants during chest exercises, prompting surgeons to opt for subcutaneous implant reconstruction using autologous fat grafting.

Recovery times vary, with implant-based reconstruction offering the shortest recovery period and free flap reconstruction requiring the longest. Dr. Rampaul cautioned that while reconstruction can restore physical appearance, it does not restore sensation, and patients must be thoroughly counseled about its limitations.

Beyond the physical, breast reconstruction has profound emotional and psychological benefits. Studies show it significantly aids in recovering from the emotional trauma of breast cancer surgery. However, Dr. Rampaul noted that some patients may still experience regret, underscoring the importance of pre-surgery counseling. Intimacy and self-confidence are critical areas often overlooked in breast cancer literature, with many patients struggling with body image and sexual health post-surgery. Breast reconstruction has been shown to improve these aspects, though breastfeeding may be affected depending on the surgery type.

Dr. Rampaul also addressed the evolving awareness of breast reconstruction in TT. A decade ago, it was often misunderstood as a cosmetic procedure, but today, it is increasingly recognized as an essential part of rehabilitation. Despite cost challenges, the value it adds to a patient’s recovery—both physically and emotionally—is immeasurable. He advised young women considering reconstruction to educate themselves thoroughly, consult qualified surgeons, and understand both the benefits and limitations of the procedure.

Ultimately, breast reconstruction is not about recreating what was lost but about empowering women to regain their confidence and re-enter the world with a renewed sense of normalcy.

When men receive a breast cancer diagnosis, their initial reaction is often disbelief, followed by questions about survival, sexuality, and masculinity. Dr. Nazreen Bhim, a clinical oncologist, highlights that breast cancer in men is frequently misunderstood as a ‘woman’s disease,’ leading to denial, delayed treatment, and heightened stigma. This misconception exacerbates the emotional burden men face, compounding the physical challenges of cancer treatment. Many men struggle with embarrassment, particularly when discussing issues like surgery scars, sexual dysfunction, or body-image changes. Dr. Bhim emphasizes the importance of normalizing language around breast cancer to reduce shame and encourage open dialogue. She advocates for pre-operative counseling, which includes discussing scar patterns, reconstruction options, and tattoo alternatives to help men prepare emotionally and physically. Masculinity and self-image play a significant role in how men process their diagnosis and recovery. Reframing treatment as an active, courageous choice rather than a loss of control can help align care with their sense of self. However, men often underutilize counseling and peer support due to societal conditioning around male strength and emotional restraint. Dr. Bhim recommends gentle but assertive encouragement to increase uptake of these resources. Early psycho-oncology referrals, male-inclusive support groups, and practical checklists for surgery or chemotherapy days can significantly improve coping and recovery. Dr. Bhim also calls for greater visibility and inclusion of men in breast cancer campaigns, urging the medical community and society to feature male survivors in media and expand genetic services to include entire families. Emotional healing, she stresses, is as vital as physical recovery, and men should be encouraged to seek help early through counseling, peer support, or faith-based guidance.

Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent cancers among women, yet it is often shrouded in myths and misconceptions that can deter individuals from seeking timely care. In an era dominated by digital information, misinformation about breast cancer spreads rapidly through social media, blogs, and casual conversations, often perpetuating unfounded fears and misunderstandings. Dr. Lyronne Olivier, a consultant breast surgeon and associate lecturer at the University of the West Indies, St Augustine, has addressed and debunked several common myths to empower individuals with accurate knowledge and encourage proactive healthcare decisions. One prevalent myth is that breast cancer is solely hereditary. In reality, only 10% of cases are linked to genetic factors, while 90% are sporadic, influenced by environmental and other non-hereditary elements. Another misconception is that breast cancer always presents with pain. However, many cases involve painless lumps, emphasizing the need for clinical evaluation regardless of symptoms. Concerns about mammogram radiation are also unfounded, as the exposure is minimal and significantly outweighed by the benefits of early detection. Additionally, not all breast lumps are cancerous, and lifestyle choices, while beneficial, do not guarantee immunity. Men, though rarely, can also develop breast cancer, and treatment options extend beyond mastectomy, with oncoplastic surgery offering breast preservation. Breast cancer is not a singular disease but comprises various subtypes, each requiring tailored treatment. Mammograms are safe for individuals with breast implants, and products like antiperspirants and underwire bras are not linked to cancer. Finally, eliminating sugar from the diet does not selectively starve cancer cells. Public education and awareness are crucial in combating these myths, fostering early diagnosis, and improving survival rates. Dr. Olivier urges individuals to consult a breast surgeon for any concerns, as early detection remains the cornerstone of effective treatment.