GEORGETOWN, Guyana – As the International Court of Justice (ICJ) prepares to open oral arguments on the decades-long border dispute between Guyana and Venezuela, the 15-nation Caribbean Community (Caricom) has issued an official statement addressing recent diplomatic controversy that has heightened tensions in the region.
The dispute centers on Venezuela’s long-dormant claim to the 159,000-square-kilometer Essequibo region, which is currently recognized as part of Guyana’s sovereign territory under international law. The latest friction emerged earlier this month, when Venezuela’s Acting President Delcy Rodriguez wore a brooch displaying a map of Venezuela that incorporates the entire Essequibo region during two official diplomatic meetings with Caricom heads of government: Prime Minister Dickon Mitchell of Grenada on April 9, and Prime Minister Mia Mottley of Barbados earlier this week. Rodriguez characterized her visits as an effort to strengthen bilateral ties between the South American nation and Caribbean regional states.
Guyana’s President Dr. Irfaan Ali publicly raised “grave concern” over the incident, and followed up with an April 28 letter to Caricom Chairman Prime Minister Dr. Terrance Drew (who also serves as leader of St. Kitts and Nevis) outlining his government’s formal position. In the correspondence, Ali emphasized that Guyana fully upholds the right of all Caricom member states to conduct independent bilateral diplomatic relations with any external partner, including Venezuela. However, he stressed that displaying symbols advancing a territorial claim against a fellow Caricom member during official engagements within the community is deeply regrettable.
Ali warned that using Caricom-associated diplomatic meetings to promote a territorial claim against one of its members could be misinterpreted as community acquiescence or tolerance of the claim. “No action, whether deliberate or inadvertent, should create the impression that the community’s platforms may be used to advance claims now before the International Court of Justice,” he wrote. The Guyanese president added that the incident is more than a symbolic gesture: it represents a calculated, provocative assertion of a claim that Guyana has repeatedly and lawfully rejected, and that is currently awaiting final binding adjudication from the ICJ.
In its official response released Tuesday, Caricom reaffirmed its longstanding position that every member state retains full sovereign authority to manage its own bilateral relations with external partners, a foundational principle widely respected across the bloc. The regional grouping noted that all such diplomatic activity must align with the shared obligations and collective commitments outlined in the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas, the binding legal framework that establishes Caricom, its core goals, and expected standards of conduct for all member states.
Under the terms of the treaty, Caricom members are committed to upholding the integrity and cohesion of the community in all external engagements. The grouping emphasized that while exercising their sovereign rights, member states must remain accountable to their collective treaty obligations, which require adherence to international law, respect for ongoing judicial processes, and the maintenance of good neighborly relations.
Consistent with these obligations, Caricom underscored that community diplomatic platforms and official engagements should not be used, either directly or indirectly, to advance or legitimize territorial claims that are currently the subject of active judicial proceedings before the ICJ. The bloc also reiterated that its unwavering, longstanding support for Guyana’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, and for the peaceful resolution of the dispute through the ICJ process, remains firm and unchanged.
Oral hearings on the merits of the dispute are scheduled to open at the ICJ on May 4, and are currently set to run through May 8, with a possible extension into the following week according to Guyana’s Attorney General and Minister of Legal Affairs Mohabir Anil Nandlall. The legal process dates back to 2018, when Guyana brought the case before the ICJ seeking formal confirmation of the legal validity of the 1899 Arbitral Award, which established the current border between the two countries. That border agreement was accepted by both parties for more than six decades, before Venezuela declared it null and void in 1962 and renewed its claim to the Essequibo territory.
The dispute has been handled in accordance with the 1966 Geneva Agreement, which lays out formal mechanisms for a peaceful negotiated settlement. After decades of unsuccessful bilateral talks, the United Nations Secretary-General referred the dispute to the ICJ for a final ruling. The court has already issued a preliminary ruling confirming it has jurisdiction to hear the case, clearing the way for the upcoming substantive hearings where both Guyana and Venezuela will present their full legal arguments to the bench.