A significant conservation initiative in Belize has encountered substantial community resistance, highlighting the complex balance between environmental protection and local livelihoods. The government’s proposal to establish a novel ‘Sanctuary Two’ designation in Red Bank Village—aimed at preserving critical scarlet macaw feeding grounds in the Maya Mountains—has faced determined opposition from residents concerned about land access restrictions and economic impacts.
Unlike traditional Sanctuary One areas that impose stringent access limitations, the innovative Sanctuary Two classification represents a progressive conservation model designed to permit sustainable community land use while protecting sensitive ecosystems. This hybrid approach specifically allows continued traditional activities including material extraction and local commerce within designated boundaries.
National Biodiversity Office Director Saul Cruz elaborated on the framework: “We must first comprehend the community’s relationship with the land, then collaboratively define traditional use parameters and establish guiding principles. This understanding directly informs the development of necessary sustainable use plans.”
Despite the Red Bank setback, Belize moves forward with Sanctuary Two implementations elsewhere. The government currently collaborates with the Sarteneja Alliance for Conservation and Development to upgrade Corozal Bay Wildlife Sanctuary, enabling local fishers to maintain traditional beach-trap methods while enhancing environmental protections. Parallel discussions are advancing with Crooked Tree fishing communities.
Proponents highlight substantial potential benefits. Red Bank tour guide Nazario Cal envisioned enhanced tourism opportunities: “Community consensus could transform this into a steady attraction generating new income streams. A dedicated community center would streamline local artisan sales and entrance fees could collectively benefit villagers.”
To prevent exploitation, authorities propose implementing scientifically-informed management strategies including species population monitoring, extraction quotas, seasonal harvesting periods, and sustainable resource use plans.
Minister of Sustainable Development Orlando Habet emphasized the government’s commitment to community engagement despite legal authority to proceed without local approval: “Legislation permits unilateral declaration, but as a ministry we prioritize community buy-in. We will return for further consultations, speaking with both supporters and opponents to demonstrate this positive initiative for the nation and residents alike.”
As Belize prepares to declare its first Sanctuary Two sites, the Red Bank experience underscores the critical importance of thorough community consultation processes that respect local knowledge while advancing national conservation objectives.
