The Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court has issued a historic constitutional ruling that overturns the criminalization of abortion in Dominica for specific high-risk cases, including rape, incest, severe fetal impairment, and situations where a pregnant person’s life or long-term health is endangered. The judgment has drawn widespread praise from reproductive health advocates across the region, with the Caribbean Family Planning Affiliation (CFPA) — the region’s leading regional body advancing sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) — framing the decision as a transformative milestone for gender equity, human dignity, and fundamental human rights across the Caribbean.
Rev. Patricia Sheerattan-Bisnauth, Chief Executive Officer of CFPA, emphasized that while the ruling does not decriminalize abortion across all circumstances in Dominica, it marks an irreversible step forward for reproductive justice. “This judgment makes clear that women and girls should never face criminal penalties for accessing life-saving and essential healthcare when they are navigating the most traumatic, life-altering circumstances,” she said. “It also confirms that outdated laws inherited from our colonial era can no longer stand in the way of women accessing their constitutionally guaranteed rights to health, autonomy, and dignity.”
For decades, broad abortion criminalization across much of the Caribbean has pushed vulnerable people into impossible, deadly dilemmas: choosing between protecting their own health and facing criminal prosecution, or foregoing safe, regulated medical care to seek unregulated, unsafe procedures that put their lives at risk. This systemic harm has fallen disproportionately on marginalized groups with the least access to resources and care: low-income women, adolescent girls, survivors of sexual violence, and people living in underserved communities with limited access to quality healthcare. Advocates stress that criminalization has never succeeded in eliminating abortion — it has only widened systemic inequality, reinforced harmful stigma, and caused untold preventable suffering and death.
Roxanne Christopher, CFPA’s Board President, paid tribute to the collective effort that made the ruling possible, commending the courage of the women who brought the original legal challenge, the commitment of healthcare providers who upheld their ethical duty to care despite legal risks, and the persistent advocacy of legal teams and civil society groups that have pushed for reproductive justice across the region for years. “As a regional organization dedicated to SRHR, CFPA holds that every woman deserves access to compassionate, evidence-based healthcare delivered with dignity and respect, and without the constant threat of criminal punishment,” Christopher said. “Women’s health is not a luxury for the few — it is a non-negotiable fundamental human right.”
Legal analysts note that the court’s decision, which anchored its ruling in both constitutional protections and binding international human rights standards, sends a powerful and resonant signal to governments and courts across the Caribbean: protecting women’s health and protecting human rights are inseparable goals.
Even as advocates celebrate the ruling, they are clear that the fight for full reproductive justice across the region is far from finished. Millions of women and girls across the Caribbean still live under the shadow of outdated laws that criminalize access to essential reproductive healthcare, perpetuating widespread fear, stigma, and systemic inequality. This ruling opens a critical new path for reform, but it does not complete the journey, advocates say. Substantial work remains to ensure that all women, regardless of their place of residence or economic status, can exercise their fundamental rights to health, bodily autonomy, and informed, uncoerced decision-making about their own bodies.
In response to the ruling, CFPA has issued a broad call to action, urging national governments, parliamentarians, healthcare professional bodies, faith leaders, civil society organizations, and local communities to engage in respectful, evidence-centered dialogue that centers the health, dignity, and well-being of women and girls in public policy design. Advancing full reproductive health equity across the region requires not just targeted legal reform, but also investment in comprehensive, age-appropriate sexuality education, expanded access to modern contraception, improved quality maternal healthcare, and intentional work to eliminate the stigma and discrimination that still block millions of women from accessing the care they need.
“The struggle continues for laws that protect women instead of punishing them; for healthcare systems that heal instead of excluding marginalized people; and for a Caribbean where every woman and girl can make decisions about her own health with dignity, safety, and hope,” the organization said in a statement. “When women are healthy, informed, and empowered, families flourish, communities grow stronger, and nations become more just and equitable.”
CFPA, a leading regional SRHR organization, works through a broad network of local member and partner organizations across the Caribbean to advance universal access to quality sexual and reproductive healthcare, gender equality, human rights, and empowerment for women and young people across the region.