A technological transformation is sweeping global border security systems with over 178 nations, including most Caribbean Community (CARICOM) states, now implementing electronic passport systems. This shift toward automated border control represents a fundamental reimagining of international travel security, combining advanced technology with operational strategies to streamline legitimate travel while maintaining rigorous security protocols.
The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has established comprehensive standards through Annex 9 of the Chicago Convention, mandating global interoperability for travel documents. Since January 1, countries issuing e-passports must implement Password Authenticated Connection Establishment (PACE) security protocols. This advanced encryption technology creates secure communication channels between passport chips and border control systems, replacing older Basic Access Control methods and providing robust protection against data skimming and eavesdropping.
Modern e-passport systems extend beyond physical documents, with capabilities to integrate with passengers’ mobile devices enabling seamless travel experiences with minimal physical touchpoints. The implementation of electronic gates and kiosks that authenticate documents and verify biometric data has significantly reduced processing times at border control checkpoints worldwide.
While this global transformation advances, Trinidad and Tobago’s implementation has encountered significant obstacles. The Airports Authority of Trinidad and Tobago (AATT), an active member of Airports Council International, initially awarded a contract to NOVO Technology Incorporation Limited in December 2017 for automated border control systems at both Piarco and ANR Robinson International Airports. The system was partially commissioned in July 2018 with 12 automated kiosks at Piarco International Airport.
However, in May 2019, the newly appointed National Security Minister Stuart Young raised concerns about “red flags” in the contracting process, leading to an investigation headed by retired judge Rolston Nelson. Despite the investigation finding no breaches of AATT’s Act or tender rules, the Cabinet suspended the contract, creating questions about executive overreach.
Contrasting with Trinidad’s stalled progress, NOVO Technology has successfully implemented a comprehensive nationwide border control management system in Guyana. The system allows passengers to complete immigration forms online before departure and clear biometric e-gates at Cheddi Jagan International Airport in under 20 seconds. Guyana’s participation in ICAO’s Public Key Directory further enables its citizens to access e-gates worldwide, dramatically reducing processing times.
As a signatory to the Chicago Convention, Trinidad and Tobago maintains international treaty obligations to comply with Annex 9 standards, yet the nation continues to lag in implementing automated border control systems that would enhance security while improving passenger experiences at ports of entry.