The global community observes World Cancer Day annually on February 4th, focusing international attention on cancer awareness, education, and coordinated action against the worldwide cancer burden. This year’s observance continues the ‘United by Unique’ campaign, emphasizing person-centered approaches to cancer care that position individuals, families, and communities at the core of healthcare systems.
Cancer persists as a predominant global health challenge, representing the second leading cause of mortality in the Caribbean region after cardiovascular diseases. Recent epidemiological data reveals approximately 119,000 new cancer diagnoses and over 66,000 cancer-related fatalities recorded across the region in 2022. Demographic aging coupled with increasing exposure to key risk factors projects a concerning 69% surge in cancer incidence throughout Latin America and the Caribbean by 2045, necessitating immediate and coordinated intervention strategies.
Epidemiological surveillance identifies several Caribbean nations among global leaders in site-specific cancer prevalence. Notably, nine of the world’s fifteen highest age-standardized incidence rates for prostate cancer occur within the Caribbean region, with Guadeloupe demonstrating the highest global rate. The region also shows disproportionately high cervical cancer mortality rates, with Jamaica, The Bahamas, and Barbados ranking second, third, and fourth worldwide respectively.
This substantial disease burden underscores the critical requirement for comprehensive cancer control policies and sophisticated surveillance mechanisms capable of generating high-quality epidemiological data to monitor trends, establish priorities, and assess intervention effectiveness.
Dr. Lisa Indar, Executive Director of the Caribbean Public Health Agency (CARPHA), announced forthcoming publication of ‘Cancer Incidence in the Caribbean, Volume I’ in 2026. This landmark surveillance report will aggregate cancer incidence data from seven Caribbean nations’ national cancer registries, providing crucial evidence to shape policy development and enhance prevention strategies while advancing regional cancer surveillance capabilities.
Significant progress has emerged through regional cooperation, with fifteen Caribbean countries now implementing dedicated national cancer control plans or incorporating cancer management into broader noncommunicable disease strategies. The establishment of population-based cancer registries has expanded, enabling systematic data collection on cancer incidence, mortality, survival rates, and prevalence patterns.
Despite these advancements, substantial challenges persist across the region. Disparities in cancer control responses remain evident, with inconsistent access to diagnostic services, treatment facilities, screening programs, and palliative care resources. Late-stage diagnosis continues to prevail in numerous healthcare settings, highlighting areas requiring intensified intervention.
To address these disparities, CARPHA established the International Agency for Research on Cancer Caribbean Cancer Registry Hub in 2015. Operating under the Global Initiative for Cancer Registry Development, this collaborative effort involves partnerships with leading international organizations including the US National Cancer Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Pan American Health Organization.
The Caribbean Hub, headquartered at CARPHA’s Port of Spain facility, provides technical support to enhance population-based cancer registry availability, quality, and coverage through specialized training, research initiatives, technical assistance, and advocacy for improved data management systems.
The anticipated ‘Cancer Incidence in the Caribbean, Volume I’ represents a seminal achievement for regional cancer surveillance, consolidating comprehensive incidence data from 2000-2020 across seven participating nations. This report will reveal significant variations in cancer burden while identifying persistent challenges including data quality inconsistencies, resource limitations, and policy constraints – reinforcing the necessity for continued regional investment in surveillance infrastructure and technical support.
As the region commemorates World Cancer Day, sustaining momentum through the Caribbean Hub remains essential for advancing equitable, evidence-based, and person-centered cancer control strategies throughout the Caribbean community.