A recent U.S. military strike against a vessel in the Caribbean Sea that left four people dead has drawn sharp rebuke from one of the country’s leading independent human rights organizations, which is calling for an immediate end to the covert lethal operation campaign. Human Rights Watch (HRW), a New York-based global human rights monitoring group, issued the condemnation Friday, arguing that the fatal attack is far from an isolated mistake — it is the latest example of a years-long pattern of unlawful extrajudicial killing carried out by U.S. forces outside recognized war zones.
Details of the strike were first released by U.S. Southern Command (Southcom), the Miami-headquartered military command responsible for operations across Latin America and the Caribbean, in a March 25 statement. According to the command’s official account, the lethal kinetic operation targeting the vessel was ordered by Marine General Francis L. Donovan, head of U.S. Southern Command, and carried out by the joint task force branded Southern Spear. The target vessel, Southcom claimed, was linked to officially designated terrorist groups, was traveling along well-documented narcotics smuggling corridors in the Caribbean, and was actively engaged in drug trafficking operations at the time of the strike. The command confirmed four male individuals described as “narco-terrorists” were killed in the action, and added that no U.S. military personnel were injured during the operation.
The attack marked the 47th lethal strike conducted by the U.S. military in counter-narcotics operations across the Caribbean and Pacific oceans, a campaign that has now claimed the lives of 163 people since its launch, according to data compiled by HRW. Sarah Yager, the organization’s Washington D.C. director, emphasized that the steady drumbeat of these strikes has created a systemic pattern of illegal force that has gone largely unexamined by the public and policymakers.
“These strikes aren’t one-off incidents, they’re part of a pattern of using military force where the law does not permit it, over and over again,” Yager said. “The fact that these strikes have faded from public attention does not make these violations any less grave or unlawful.”
HRW’s legal argument centers on a clear distinction laid out in international law between military operations in active armed conflict and civilian law enforcement actions. The organization stresses that the U.S. is not involved in any formal armed conflict with drug trafficking organizations operating in the Caribbean or Pacific, which means no suspected traffickers qualify as legitimate military targets under international legal standards. Outside of a declared armed conflict, the deliberate use of lethal force is only legally permissible when it is strictly necessary to defend against an immediate threat to human life. To date, the U.S. government has not released any public evidence demonstrating that any of the 163 people killed in these strikes posed an imminent lethal threat to anyone, HRW says, meaning the killings amount to unlawful extrajudicial executions.
The organization is calling on the sitting Trump administration to take immediate action to address the pattern of abuse: first, to halt the entire campaign of extrajudicial lethal strikes immediately, and second, to launch a full accountability process that includes investigating the unlawful killings, conducting formal assessments of harm to the victims and their surviving families, and providing appropriate legal and financial redress for the violations committed.