Trinidad and Tobago’s recently enacted 2025 Summary Offences Amendment Act, designed to regulate fireworks usage through permit requirements, faces substantial criticism for its inherent contradictions and inadequate enforcement mechanisms. While the legislation aims to protect vulnerable populations and animals, experts identify significant flaws that may undermine its intended purpose.
The amendment mandates that fireworks users obtain permits from the police commissioner, yet creates explicit exemptions during national holidays at 8-9 PM and on Old Year’s Eve from 11:30 PM to 12:30 AM. These waivers directly conflict with the legislation’s protective goals, as they authorize heightened fireworks activity precisely when traditional celebrations like Divali, Christmas, and Old Year’s observances occur—periods when pyrotechnic usage traditionally peaks.
Environmental and health concerns present additional challenges. The law permits fireworks usage within 0.5 kilometers of sensitive areas including hospitals, farms, forests, parks, and zoos, potentially exposing humans and animals to dangerous pollutants. Scientific evidence indicates that fireworks emit strontium, barium, and aluminum particles that can trigger respiratory issues such as coughing and breathing difficulties. A 2020 Environmental Management Authority survey confirmed that fireworks exposure causes sleep deprivation, irritability, and anxiety in humans, while animals experience panic, trauma, and habitat displacement.
The amendment’s enforcement mechanisms appear particularly insufficient. Violators face mere $450 fines—a sum unlikely to deter dedicated fireworks enthusiasts—while permits cost only $100, making legal compliance relatively inexpensive. This contrasts sharply with the United Kingdom’s model, which imposes fines equivalent to thousands of dollars for illegal fireworks usage.
Legal experts question whether the amendment will achieve meaningful change, noting that Trinidad and Tobago already had fireworks regulations under the Explosives Act. The Supreme Court of India’s recent recognition that fireworks bans often create unpoliceable informal economies raises relevant concerns about enforcement practicality in the Trinidad and Tobago context.
Commentators suggest that rather than implementing potentially redundant legislation, the government should convene a parliamentary joint committee to comprehensively examine human-induced noise and air pollution impacts on all living creatures. Such dialogue should include environmental NGOs, religious groups, and industry stakeholders to develop more effective solutions grounded in intelligent discourse rather than political expediency.