PARIS, France (AFP)—Iranian universities became the epicenter of renewed social unrest on Sunday as students staged competing pro- and anti-government demonstrations. The gatherings, held to commemorate those killed in recent protests, unfolded against a backdrop of escalating geopolitical tensions concerning Iran’s nuclear ambitions.
The initial wave of demonstrations, triggered in December by severe economic hardship exacerbated by international sanctions, rapidly evolved into one of the most significant challenges to the Islamic republic’s clerical leadership in recent history. While President Donald Trump initially voiced support for the protesters and threatened intervention during the government’s lethal crackdown, the US administration’s focus has since pivoted to Iran’s nuclear program, which Western powers suspect is aimed at developing atomic weapons.
Recent developments indicate a complex diplomatic dance between Washington and Tehran. Representatives from both nations recently concluded a second round of Oman-mediated nuclear talks in Geneva, with Iran expected to submit a draft proposal to avert military action within days. According to an Axios report citing an unnamed senior US official, Washington stands ready to return to Geneva on Friday for detailed negotiations if Iran presents its proposal within the next 48 hours.
Simultaneously, the United States has significantly bolstered its military presence in the Middle East, deploying two aircraft carriers along with additional jets and ships while strengthening regional air defenses. This military buildup represents Trump’s dual-track approach of pursuing diplomacy while maintaining maximum pressure on Tehran.
On the domestic front, Sunday’s campus rallies revealed the deep divisions within Iranian society. State-run Fars news agency published videos showing dozens of participants waving Iranian flags and carrying memorial photographs at universities across Tehran. At Sharif University of Technology, tensions flared as pro-government demonstrators shouting ‘death to the shah’—referencing the monarchy overthrown in the 1979 Islamic Revolution—confronted anti-establishment protesters, with uniformed personnel positioned between the groups.
Iran International, an overseas-based media outlet designated as a ‘terrorist’ organization by Tehran, shared footage showing students at Sharif University displaying the pre-revolution flag. An AFP-geolocated video captured a substantial crowd chanting anti-government slogans while surrounding students waving the flag of the deposed monarchy.
The human cost of the unrest remains contested. Iranian authorities acknowledge approximately 3,000 deaths, including security personnel and bystanders, attributing the violence to ‘terrorist acts’ instigated by the nation’s enemies. In contrast, the US-based Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA) has documented over 7,000 fatalities, predominantly protesters, suggesting the actual toll may be considerably higher.
Amid these developments, growing apprehensions about potential military conflict have emerged among Iranian civilians. Tehran resident Hamid revealed experiencing sleepless nights despite medication, expressing profound concern for his family’s safety. Meanwhile, 46-year-old IT technician Mina Ahmadvand described war with the US and Israel as ‘inevitable,’ stating she has prepared for that eventuality despite her aversion to conflict.
The escalating tensions have prompted several nations—including Sweden, Serbia, Poland, and Australia—to advise their citizens to depart Iran immediately. Australia’s warning highlighted that while commercial flights remain available currently, this situation ‘could change quickly.’