A recent U.S. government review has shed light on the labor conditions in Antigua and Barbuda, revealing that migrant workers are facing threats from employers over union activities. The 2025 Investment Climate Statement, released by the U.S. Department of State in September, highlighted that some foreign workers were warned their work permits could be revoked if they joined unions. Although the law prohibits anti-union discrimination, it does not mandate the reinstatement of workers dismissed for union involvement. The report acknowledged that freedom of association and collective bargaining are generally respected but noted that enforcement is inconsistent. Unions and private citizens have called for more active participation in shaping labor policies. Strikes are legally permitted but come with stringent restrictions, especially for essential services such as water, electricity, and healthcare, which require a two-week notice before striking. If mediation is requested by either party in a labor dispute, strikes are prohibited, with penalties including imprisonment for private-sector workers and some government employees. The Industrial Relations Court can also block strikes if they are deemed a threat to national interest. While the law prohibits retaliation against strikers and sets penalties for labor law violations, administrative and judicial processes are often delayed. The report also mentioned that the minimum wage was adjusted in 2023 to $3.33 (XCD 9.00) per hour, though most workers earn above this threshold. The standard workweek is 40 hours over five days, with a legal maximum of 48 hours over six days. Employees are entitled to 12 paid holidays annually, and overtime must be paid at 1.5 times the basic wage. Investors are legally required to uphold workers’ rights and protect the environment. Although Antigua and Barbuda lacks specific health and safety regulations, general provisions exist under the Labour Code, and the Labour Commission is tasked with resolving disputes over abuses and health and safety conditions. The U.S. review comes as Antigua and Barbuda aims to attract more foreign investment and expand employment in tourism, construction, and business process outsourcing. While the legal framework supports core labor rights, gaps in enforcement, particularly for migrant workers, remain a significant challenge.
US Says Migrant Workers in Antigua Face Pressure Not to Join Unions
