标签： Jamaica

MEXICO CITY—Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum expressed optimism on Tuesday regarding the resolution of a bilateral water-sharing conflict with the United States, despite recent sanctions threats from former President Donald Trump. Speaking at a press conference, Sheinbaum emphasized her confidence in reaching a mutually beneficial agreement, drawing parallels to previous successful negotiations between the two nations.

The dispute centers on the 1944 water treaty, which mandates cross-border water exchanges between the Colorado River and the Rio Grande. Trump alleged that Mexico has failed to deliver approximately 800,000 acre-feet of water owed to the U.S., demanding immediate repayment of a quarter of this volume by year-end under the threat of imposing a new 5% tariff.

Mexican officials are scheduled to meet with U.S. counterparts to address the issue. While acknowledging delays in water deliveries over the past five years, Mexico attributes the shortfall to severe drought conditions in 2022 and 2023. Sheinbaum highlighted logistical constraints, noting that existing pumping infrastructure cannot physically accommodate the rapid water transfer demanded by Trump.

The tension arises alongside Trump’s announcement of a $12 billion aid package for U.S. farmers affected by his trade policies. This marks the second time Trump has threatened economic repercussions over water issues, following a similar incident in April that prompted immediate Mexican action.

Currently, Mexican exports face a 25% tariff unless exempted under the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), a trade deal negotiated during Trump’s first term and slated for renegotiation in 2026.

In a significant joint statement marking the International Day of Human Rights Defenders, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) and the UN Human Rights Office for Latin America have issued a stark warning regarding the deteriorating environment for civic engagement across the Americas. The organizations are calling for urgent state action to protect and guarantee open civic spaces free from intimidation and reprisal.

The IACHR, an autonomous organ of the Organization of American States (OAS), collaborating with its Special Rapporteurship for Freedom of Expression, expressed profound concern over a coordinated trend of actions designed to curtail fundamental rights. These include systematic efforts to limit freedom of association, freedom of expression, and meaningful participation in democratic decision-making processes.

A primary concern highlighted is the escalating violence targeting activists, which encompasses killings, enforced disappearances, and direct threats intended to instill fear and forcibly halt human rights work. Beyond physical violence, the report details a concerning rise in the strategic use of legal and bureaucratic mechanisms to stifle dissent.

This includes the arbitrary application of stringent new laws governing the registration and operation of non-governmental organizations. These laws often impose conditions not found in existing legal frameworks, creating a climate of legal uncertainty. Furthermore, states are enacting burdensome financial controls, including strict oversight of international funding sources and the imposition of severe tax penalties that are difficult for civil society groups to meet. In some cases, governments have explicitly restricted the use of foreign grants for essential activities like legal representation, critically hampering access to justice for vulnerable communities.

The consequences of these measures are severe and tangible. Many organizations have been forced to reduce or completely suspend their activities, close offices, or practice self-censorship. Some defenders have chosen exile as a means of self-protection, while others abstain from participating in international forums for fear of criminalization upon their return.

The joint statement also condemns the deliberate public delegitimization of human rights work by state actors, who frequently label defenders as ‘terrorists,’ ‘enemies of the state,’ or ‘defenders of criminals.’ This rhetoric further exacerbates risks and validates hostility towards activists.

The IACHR and UN Human Rights remind states of their binding international obligations. While acknowledging a state’s right to regulate organizations, they emphasize that such regulations must not prevent, delay, or restrict their creation or operation. They explicitly affirmed that the right to freedom of association includes the right to seek, receive, and utilize resources—including foreign funding—without prior authorization or undue impediments.

The organizations concluded that the protection of human rights defenders is ultimately a test of political will and institutional capacity, underscoring that their work is indispensable for strengthening democracy and the rule of law across the hemisphere.

In a decisive ruling with significant implications for Jamaica’s electoral integrity, the Supreme Court has dismissed a judicial review application filed by Paul Buchanan, a People’s National Party (PNP) parliamentary aspirant. The case centered on Buchanan’s challenge of the September 3, 2025 General Election results in St Andrew West Central, where he lost to incumbent Prime Minister Andrew Holness by approximately 2,000 votes.

Presiding Justice Sonya Wint-Blair delivered the landmark judgment, emphasizing that Buchanan’s application was fundamentally undermined by procedural delays that violated Jamaica’s strict electoral timelines. The court determined that the 13-day gap between the election and Buchanan’s formal complaint to the Constituted Authority—the body responsible for investigating electoral irregularities—constituted a critical failure to adhere to statutory requirements.

Buchanan had alleged substantial electoral malpractices including double voting, voter intimidation, and compromised ballot integrity—particularly in PNP strongholds. He further claimed that election officials surreptitiously altered agreed-upon transportation routes for ballot boxes, directing them to ‘volatile and hostile’ areas. Additionally, he cited organized disruptions by opposing supporters who allegedly blared music near polling stations to intimidate voters.

The Constituted Authority had previously rejected Buchanan’s request on September 30, 2025, determining that the alleged irregularities failed to meet the threshold established under Section 37(e) of the Election Petitions Act. Buchanan subsequently sought judicial review of this decision on October 8, 2025.

Justice Wint-Blair’s ruling highlighted several crucial aspects of Jamaican electoral law: The Authority must apply to the Election Court within 28 days of polling, while candidates have merely 21 days after results declaration to file petitions. The judge noted that Buchanan’s legal team provided no justification for their delayed action, rendering their application ‘statute-barred’ and effectively futile.

The court also addressed broader constitutional principles, noting that electoral matters require finality to protect the legitimacy and certainty of democratic outcomes. While acknowledging the seriousness of electoral fraud allegations, Justice Wint-Blair emphasized that procedural compliance cannot be compromised even when substantive claims are raised.

Legal representatives for both sides presented extensive arguments. Buchanan’s attorney Hugh Wildman contended that the Authority applied incorrect standards of proof and that delay shouldn’t preclude judicial review. However, Deputy Solicitor General Lisa White successfully argued that Buchanan had ‘imported a procedure not contemplated by the Act’ and that the judicial review sought would constitute merely ‘an academic exercise’ given the expired statutory deadlines.